ࡱ> Root Entry F<@Data k1Tablev'WordDocument t`  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_abcdefghijulmnopqrxwyz{|}Root Entry F@Data k1Tablev'WordDocument6~  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_lmnopqrwSummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjX0Table) [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph FontbbStyle1+ & 0` P@B*CJOJPJQJnH (U@( Hyperlink>*B*U           Z !+6@BL(Y5b+k [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph FontbbStyle1+ & 0` P@B*CJOJPJQJnH (U@( Hyperlink>*B*           Z !+6@BL(Y5b+kYv}t.l   ./I]^mnLM^_#$UVN O pq34de<=KL34!!\"]"%&&&&& ' '&'@'A'(("+#+--//w2x2S4T45555566636468899::I<*>+>1?2?3ABBKDEEtGuGHHMJNJne of the largest producers is on the south edge of Reno at Steamboat, a series of plants operated by Ormat Technologies that produces enough electricity to power every home in the city. Despite what appears to be exceptional news regarding the use and development of renewable energy in Nevada there are large gaps in being able to deliver the energy and in what appears to be a mind-set in the use of traditional and air polluting methods of energy production. This was brought to light during the first of what many hope will be an annual clean energy summit. Keynote speaker was Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) who reminded the audience of 600 that 50 percent of Nevada's electric energy is imported from other states, and the vast resources of renewable energy "are being wasted every day." By being "Wasted" he was alluding to not being used as in sunlight, wind, and geothermal. The energy summit was held at the Peppermill Hotel in Reno and speakers included Daniel Schocet, VP of Ormat, Gilbert Cohen, CEO of Acciona Solar Power, and Michael Yackira, CEO of Sierra Pacific Resources. It was pointed out that Nevada is number one in geothermal energy use per capita in the nation and is number one in solar energy production per capita in the nation as well. Reid pointed out that coal fired power plants are dinosaurs and should not be considered for use in Nevada. Reid voiced concern about Sierra Pacific Resources (SPR) plans to build a 1500-megawatt coal fired plant in Ely, White Pine County. Besides the SPR plans, LS Power and Sithe Power are planning 1500-megawatt coal fired plants as well. Reid said he would do everything in his power to stop those plans. Interestingly, the 4500 megawatts of coal fired energy would supply much of the west and the Environmental Protection Agency is asking why Nevada should be the supplier and create such a heavy load of carbon dioxide, mercury, and other poisons in the air. One of the arguments put forward by the three large energy producers is that modern technology is allowing for "clean coal fired power plants." Reid said, there is no such thing as a clean coal fired plant. "There are cleaner plants compared to years ago, but there are no clean coal fired power plants." He said if there isn't a "commitment to clean energy now, then when?" A grid map of Nevada offered by Sierra Pacific Resources points out the primary problem with developing renewable energy resources in Nevada. There are no major transmission lines connecting northern Sierra Pacific Power Company and southern Nevada Power Company. Geothermal power developed in northern Nevada must stay in northern Nevada while solar energy produced in southern Nevada must stay in the south. Major grids in and around the Las Vegas Valley come from Utah and California and there is nothing coming from the north. Power grids in the north along the Interstate 80 corridor originate in Reno and nearby Sierra Nevada hydrological sources. It is this lack of ability to put renewable energy on a grid that is keeping companies from developing the resources. Huge areas of the state where solar energy production could take place are not served by major power lines. Research into wind energy technology has produced several areas in the state from which large amounts of wind energy could be produced, but there are no transmission lines on which the energy could be moved. One major development in financing renewable energy resources was announced recently by Wells Fargo Bank, which said it has made the largest equity investment in solar energy in the company's history. The financing package was for Acciona's Nevada Solar One project in southern Nevada amounting to $266 million. Nevada Solar One is a 64-megawatt solar array sitting on 400 acres. Using some 182,000 parabolic trough-shaped mirror panels that track the sun and concentrate that solar energy onto tubes filled with mineral oil. According to Gilbert Cohen, Acciona CEO, that oil is super heated to 750 degrees Fahrenheit and in turn heats water into steam to drive turbines. "There are no greenhouse gas emissions," he says. Acciona believes the Nevada Solar One project can produce electricity cheaper than natural gas and almost competitive with coal. Wells Fargo Bank participated as one of three equity investors including an affiliate of Northern Trust, and JP Morgan Capital Corporation. Nevada's energy distributor, Sierra Pacific Resources is required to have at least 20 percent of its product produced through renewable energy sources by 2015 in graduated levels. So far the company is running behind schedule, but CEO Yackira insists the company will make the production requirement. Yackira said several times at the energy summit that SPR is dedicated to developing renewable resources, he also insisted that the 1500 megawatt coal fired plant in Ely must be built. The EPA is challenging the environmental impact statements used by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) in the proposals put forward for the plants in question. They cite several problem areas such as the effects on groundwater, air quality, and the effects on the nearby Great Basin National Park. Also, (The) EPA is concerned that the density of new coal-burning plants proposed in Nevada is in excess of the demonstrated need for energy throughout the Western United States. At this time, according to the EPA, it appears as though all the energy needs of the west over the next 25 years are to be met by the three coal fired plants in eastern Nevada. It is estimated that an additional 47,000 megawatts of energy will be needed by 2030 and the three plants will develop 4500 of those little devils. What some say also needs to be taken into consideration is California's energy law that forbids the importation of energy developed through the use of coal fired plants. None of the energy produced from the three proposed plants in White Pine and Lincoln Counties can be exported to California. Any power developed by solar, geothermal, or wind in excess of what is needed can be exported. According to a recent study by the Department of Energy and quoted by Reid at the energy summit, within a 100-square mile area of southern Nevada, enough solar energy could be produced to power the nation. "And," he said in an ironic aside, "we have to import 50 percent of our power into Nevada." The Geothermal Resources Council,  HYPERLINK http://www.geothermal.org http://www.geothermal.org, will be holding their annual meeting in Sparks from September 28 to October 2 with workshops, industry discussions, and trade exhibits. Field trips to nearby geothermal projects in eastern California and western Nevada will be part of the weekend activity. One specific trip will take participants to the Ormat Technology's Steamboat geothermal complex. Questions On Impact Of Development Rage Traffic Congestion, Water, Wildlife, Taxes Discussed Plans continue to move forward to build more than 10,000 homes 30-miles north of Reno called Spring Mountain, formerly known as the Winnemucca Ranch development. The City of Reno has extended its area of influence to include the project making the satellite miles from city services such as fire, police, water, sewer, and recreation. The biggest complaint during planning sessions has been traffic congestion along the Pyramid Lake Highway. The old two-lane country road leading from Sparks to Pyramid Lake has been converted to four and six lanes in some places, but the Winnemucca Ranch Road connection, more than ten miles of it, is still two lanes. Traffic engineers are aware that the load the roadway carries today is more than the highway was designed to handle and there are no plans in the mix to build a highway capable of handling the load that would be produced by Spring Mountain. And, there is no money in the state budget to consider building highways to handle the load. Winnemucca Ranch is located west of Pyramid Lake Paiute Reservation and is currently served by a dirt or gravel road from the ranch to the Pyramid Lake Highway, a distance of ten to 15 miles. Developers say they will need a minimum of a four lane highway to serve the project, both on Pyramid Lake Highway and leading into to the project. There are no plans indicating the developers would build the roads. Traditionally planning agencies have been under the impression the growth pays for itself, but that concept has come under fire in recent years primarily because of a lack of impact fees that have not been charged to the developers. When impact fees are included they are often so low as to not do the job as intended. Washoe County's Regional Transportation Authority recently increased the transportation impact fees by many percentage points and the increase will not pay for improvements that are already behind schedule. What has happened for many years in most of Nevada, current taxpayers are paying for infrastructure in new developments while developers have been getting, if not free, a reduced fare for their projects. There are many that feel this inequity is what drives those who resent new development. While Spring Mountain is a speck compared to Coyote Springs, the Harvey Whittemore project along the Lincoln County-Clark County line, the infrastructure needed would have a tremendous economic impact on Reno, Sparks, and Washoe County. Water and sewer treatment and disposal, roads and highways, schools and parks, are just a few of the civilities that will be demanded and someone has to pay for those. The tax structure that exists today is not adequate to pay for them. Safety such as medical facilities closer than 30 miles, police, and fire will have to be paid for by existing taxpayers according to many who have studied the plans. The Spring Mountain developers have a long history in northern Nevada for building high end projects that include the Caughlin Ranch and Montreaux developments. Led by Sam Jaksick and Randy Venturacci, the plans look brilliant with wide open meadows filled with horses, and high end homes that would put the Bowers' Mansion to shame, and plans that include a new highway to be built from the Winnemucca Ranch to connect with two-lane Highway 395, what is there not to like? Many at the planning session found the cost that will probably be passed on to current taxpayers, urban sprawl or jump frog sprawl, and a complete lack of transportation facilities as some of the things not to like. The developers said if the highways aren't expanded for them, they won't be able to sell their land. "People won't buy if there's gridlock daily," said one representative. Unemployment, Other Indicators Off Foreclosures At All Time High, Sales Down Also While the housing market is near the "tanked" level, Nevada's unemployment rate continues to climb, even during a month in which employment should be high. The July figures, released by the Nevada Department of Employment, Training, and Rehabilitation indicate that unemployment has climbed to 4.9 percent, a 4.5 percent increase over July 2006. The figure compares to June's 4.7 percent unemployment. Construction is off considerably because of the lackluster housing market. In Clark County the unemployment rate stands at 5.1 percent for July, compared to 4.5 percent in July 2006. In the Reno Sparks area, the figure is 4.6 percent compared to 4.1 percent in July 2006. Unemployment figures for Las Vegas and for Washoe County are up compared to June as well. California's July figures are not available at this time, but in June, the unemployment rate was 5.2 percent. The national rate stands at 4.6 percent. Between over building, poor judgement on mortgage loans, and sub prime lending, Nevada's housing market is at the bottom of the barrel. According to figures released recently, Nevada leads the nation in foreclosures and the number of construction workers on the job has fallen by 3.8 percent. There has been an increase in the number of state government workers, up 4.5 percent compared to June 2006, and local government workers have increased by 5.6 percent over the same period. In Clark County 919,100 people were employed and in Reno Sparks, 219,900 people were working. Statewide during July, 1,288,100 Nevadans held jobs. Foreclosures nationally are at an all time high with almost 180,000 listed in July compared to less than 93,000 listed in July 2006. Nevada's foreclosure rate is three times higher than the national rate with Clark County foreclosures leading the pack. There were more than 5,000 foreclosure filings in July in Nevada. For an interesting look at the foreclosure picture in any state, including Nevada, go to  HYPERLINK http://www.realtytrac.com http://www.realtytrac.com. In Nevada currently about one foreclosure for every 200 households in expected. More and more we will see notices of auctions for homes that have been foreclosed. It isn't known whether this will lead to the fabled "buyers market" and turn things around some. Prices on existing homes have fallen somewhat, but many say not drastically enough to force them into the market. In the long run, cities, counties, and the state will suffer from a loss in tax revenue and it is possible that some development plans that are on the books may be postponed of dropped entirely. Some large condominium projects in northern Nevada have already been dropped. A company called Real Estate Auction by Owner ( HYPERLINK http://www.RealEastateAuctionByOwner.com http://www.RealEastateAuctionByOwner.com) is planning to conduct foreclosure auctions in Las Vegas monthly. At least 60 homes were auctioned on the last weekend of August in the southern city. Other auctions in southern Nevada have included as many as 80 homes, some selling for what would be considered a bargain. Problems with the price of land are having a negative impact on regional development in southern Nevada as well. Costs for vacant or bare land have remained excessively high according to representatives of Nevada Development Authority, the development agency in southern Nevada. New businesses are shying away from moving to the Las Vegas valley because of the costs. According to one report, land in downtown Phoenix costs about 50 percent less than land in Las Vegas. Getting companies to relocate to southern Nevada is very difficult even in booming Henderson according to that city's development agency. For more on Nevada Development Authority, go to  HYPERLINK http://www.nevadadevelopment.org http://www.nevadadevelopment.org. Beware Those PACs During Election 2008 Another Failure In Nevada's Wretched Election Law For those that don't always wish to play by the rules, Nevada is a playground of immense opportunity in which political morals and ethics can be manipulated at will. Some political action committees (PACs) are created anonymously with an intent to demonize candidates, and the fallout is minimal. Often just one person is behind an anonymous "committee" and isn't actually a legal entity in the sense of the word. Sometimes what appears to be a political committee is simply licensed as a business or worse, as a corporation thus attempting to avoid election law entirely. An example: You wish to destroy a certain candidate, so you have brochures and pamphlets printed under any creative name you come up with and then pay someone to distribute these creations, making sure your name never is mentioned or known. The attack campaigns usually work, and if, and that's the biggest question, if the state investigates to find out who is responsible, that third party that distributed the filth says he won't tell. The fine is a paltry $5,000. A person's reputation is destroyed, a candidate's election is lost, the person responsible isn't known, and the person that distributed the wretched lies and innuendoes for thousands of dollars is fined $5,000. Distributing political brochures and mailers falls under federal regulations only in a federal election, not in statewide or local elections. What we just discussed would not happen in a congressional race but could happen in a county commission race, and has. Person A calls himself Nevadans for Whatever, has brochures and mailers printed under that name, pays person B to handle the distribution, and when challenged person B does not have to divulge person A's name. When in turn person A owns or directs ten or 15 Nevada corporations and each LLC donates the maximum $10,000 to candidate C who is opposing the target of the brochures, an election has been defrauded, you have been bilked, and those that are responsible for writing the state's election law don't care. After all, they got theirs. The laws need to be rewritten to end this all but libelous behavior, but as long as politicians write the laws under which politicians behave; it isn't going to happen. There are those in Nevada politics that spend most of their time figuring out how to beat the system, how to make the other guy look like a complete fool, how to not get caught. These people will never be brought before an ethics commission or a legal bench simply because the law is written to protect them. Evasion of the rules goes back to when the naked ape learned at mommy's knee. Despite how we often consider ourselves moral, or good, or upstanding citizens, we must also remember that the concept of morals and ethics is something that humans must be taught. We are not born with morals or ethics, and that is why we have to have laws to direct us in the right direction. Anarchy, as far as humans are concerned, is probably a more natural philosophy than is democracy despite all we have learned from the ancient Greeks. As long as the concept of human selfishness reigns supreme, then those that don't follow the rules will have opportunities galore because many of their ilk are responsible for writing the laws that allow that kind of behavior. It's a form of self-protection and Nevada's election laws only protect those that would otherwise find themselves under legal scrutiny. Responsibility for the election laws of Nevada falls to the Secretary of State and under numerous sections of the Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS) the laws are so ambiguous that previous secretaries have simply ignored what many believe is their prime responsibility. Campaign donations and money spent on campaigns is regulated by NRS as well, and again, there is ambiguity. The law for instance does not tell the elections officer to look at the Contributions and Expenses (C&E) reports, just collect them. Talk about an open door to the hen house. And secretary after secretary has done just that; collected, not looked at C&E reports. An entire political party has thumbed its collective noses at the law that says C&E reports must be filed. They file the reports; it's just that the pages are blank. It won't take many foxes to empty a chicken coop this vulnerable, and many foxes can be found in Nevada politics today. President Bush In Reno Speaking To Vets Group American Legion Meet Brings Thousands To Biggest L'il City President George W. Bush flew into Reno to speak to the annual American Legion convention, was booed and demonstrated against by some, and loudly cheered and welcomed by others. The convention has drawn more than 10,000 vets to northern Nevada, the first visit to the area by the international veterans organization. Anther group of vets arrived with a little less fanfare than the president but with a mission they felt had been accomplished. A large contingent of veterans on motorcycles had come 2100 miles across the country to be at the convention and during their ride they gathered up about $250,000 for American Legion Charity. According to the organization, "The American Legacy Run makes possible a college education for the children of those who have died defending our freedoms since September 11, 2001." The group left Indianpolis, American Legion headquarters, on August 18 and arrived in Reno on August 24. Actual session were held on August 28, 29, and 30 but many arrived in Reno well before that and many others stayed through the Labor Day weekend. Along with Mr. Bush, the group heard from Nevada Governor Jim Gibbons, himself a veteran of two wars, Vietnam and Gulf. Gibbons is a retired Air Force fighter pilot who flew F-4s in war and for the Nevada Air National Guard. On Wednesday, August 29, in a live video from Iraq, General David H. Petraeus, Commander, Multi National Forces - Iraq spoke to the gathering amid rousing cheers. The Secretary of the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Honorable James Nicholson spoke as well. The sessions ended with the election of officers for the next terms, 2007-2008. Military wartime veterans of all wars of this country's were invited to attend. The American Legion is made up of about 2.7 million vets, was founded in 1919 and has about 14,000 posts across the coutnry. A special business seminar was held prior to the official opening of the convention designed to help veterans obtain government contracts, to help vets learn how to work with elected leaders, and how to get federal, state, and local procurements. Called the Small Business Task Force Seninar, it was hoped that some of this country's newest war time vets would be able to make an easy transition to civilian business life. A Sense Of History Lost On Some Historical Plaques Should Be Historically Correct There is an interesting situation developing in downtown Las Vegas that actually exists in many other places around the Silver State. Historic monuments being placed with incorrect information, in some cases, misinformation. State Archivist Guy Rocha said, "this is so rampant in Nevada," and said when corrections have to be made, it becomes a waste of taxpayer's money. The Las Vegas Historic Preservation Commission discovered that several plaques, embedded in concrete along sidewalks in Las Vegas were filled with incorrect information. The plaques were put in place to promote various downtown locations such as hotels, casinos, and "first this and first that." The plaques in question cost well over $3,500 each at the time they were placed. The historic preservation group was told it would cost more than $1,000 each just to rip them out. Rocha said that too often "People responsible for projects like these fail to involve the experts and waste taxpayer money." It was a Las Vegas City agency responsible for placing the plaques, and that agency is saying, this wasn't a historic district, these were for an entertainment district. Which means, I guess, that if it's entertainment, it doesn't have to be historically correct. According to Scott Adams of the city, the initial research was conducated by (city) staff and they search libraries and newspaper articls for "fun downtown facts" They were looking, according to Adams for entertainment information. Adams said they found combinations of myth, truth, and legend. Apparently someone decided, what the hell? Adams apparently has no sense of what history represents and said is it necessary to debunk a legend and the mistique that continues to draw 40 million people to Las Vegas? Rochas said, "Pure bullshit! This is flim-flam, who-ha and hucksterism. Where did Scott Adams come from that he would take such a cavalier approach to Las Vegas history? He should get a job working at a carnival, circus or casino. The City of Las Vegas should be absolutely ashamed of this employee and his project. What an embarrassment! Make Adams pay for replacing the three stars and any other costs incurred." Following meetings with the historic commission and city officials, it appears that the plaques will be replaced and will offer corrected information. The history of Nevada, from the origins of the Las Vegas springs to the discovery of silver and the Comstock Lode, from the Tonopah excitements to the grand rush to Austin, is alive with information that doesn't have to be embellished. It's hard to believe when the simple truth is told. When silver was one dollar and twenty five cents the ounce, back in the 1860s and ore was valued as high as $2,000 the ton, the story takes on a bit of disbelief. It isn't necessary to add to it. When atomic bombs were being set off just 60 miles north of Las Vegas, on purpose mind you, it isn't necessary to expand into fiction. To change history and create a "first" just because "first" is supposed to represent something special, then you in essence are lying. History isn't something that should be messed with. As Rocha says often in his column in these pages, before something is published, advertised, or offered up to the public, some kind of serious research should take place. Rocha's column in this issue of The Nevada Observer deals with when and where Pat Nixon was born. Many people have written articles on Nevada's own first lady, and many of them are not correct. For more on that, click here.  ,[L3)4)Y)Z)[)t)u)*+>+9:1:AA B B B%B&BDDEEEEEFEHHII I@IAIJIpIIZZ%[d1ddd6r@rHrIr念念念念念5B*OJQJjB*OJQJUjB*OJQJUjB*OJQJU5B*CJ$OJQJ5B*CJ0OJQJ0JjB*OJQJUjB*OJQJU B*OJQJ5CJ$OJQJ5CJ0OJQJOJQJ3 -.H\]lmKL]^" # T U MNop$RJSJeJzJ{JJJJLLNNtQuQkSlSVVXXYY[[[[[[[\/\0\g]h]__``bb9d:d@eAe`faf h hhh"h/h0hJhbhchiikkAmBmEoFopprr\u]u?v@vDvEvYvhvivvvvvvvvvvvvvvvw=x>xhxixyya{b{}~-.WXυЅ!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!! !!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!r\u]u?v@vDvEvYvhvivvvvvvvvvvvvvvw=x>xhxixyya{b{}~-.WXυЅIr^i@+H@cRdb_abdfgl"/IedJr`cehUnknown Johnny Gunn4%[%u%= >&>cAAAnEEEXXXX(C"C"4%v%))))))))****++ + +-/111v2='>@1AcAAnEEELJ[ h@mprr>vvv(C"C"4%v%))))))))****++ + +-/111v2='>@1AcAAnEEELJ[ h@mprr>vvv Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09DyK http://www.geothermal.orgyK 6http://www.geothermal.org/DyK http://www.realtytrac.comyK 6http://www.realtytrac.com/DyK )http://www.RealEastateAuctionByOwner.comyK Thttp://www.RealEastateAuctionByOwner.com/DyK !http://www.nevadadevelopment.orgyK Dhttp://www.nevadadevelopment.org/SummaryInformation(DocumentSummaryInformation8CompObjX0Table'-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-New [4@4NormalCJOJPJQJmH <A@<Default Paragraph FontbbStyle1+ & 0` P@B*CJOJPJQJnH (U@( Hyperlink>*B*           Z !+6@BL(Y5b+kYv|Ԉt.l   ./I]^mnLM^_#$UVN O pq34de<=KL34!!\"]"%&&&&& ' '&'@'A'(("+#+--//w2x2S4T45555566636468899::I<*>+>1?2?3ABBKDEEtGuGHHMJNJs Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News@vv (Nv>v$5CJOJQJC$Eƀ5b'@1AEEFHHHLJ\\\]]]]]]^____>v@vEvgvhvvvvvvvvw+>1?2?3ABBKDEEtGuGHHMJNJRJSJeJzJ{JJJJLLNNtQuQkSlSVVXXYY[[[[[[[\/\0\g]h]__``bb9d:d@eAe`faf h hhh"h/h0hJhbhchiikkAmBmEoFopprr\u]u?v@vDvEvYvhvivvvvxxzz||@~A~+,01EZ[sԃՃ_`PċŋfgPQW!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!! 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!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!Yvhvivvvvxxzz||@~A~+,1EZ[sԃՃ_`PċŋfgPQWIr3^i@+H@cRdb,j/_abdfgl"/IedJr`cehUnknown Johnny Gunn4%[%u%= >&>cAAAnEEEUXXXX(C"C"4%v%))))))))****++ + +-/111v2='>@1AcAAnEEELJ[ h@mprr>v+1TW(C"C"4%v%))))))))****++ + +-/111v2='>@1AcAAnEEELJ[ h@mprr>v+1TW  Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!Y!Y!Z!Z!Z!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! !!!! !!!Yvhvivvvv|x}x~xxxxxxxxxxx'z(zRzSz{{K}L}ABӈԈHD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News@** (N*$5CJOJQJC$Eƀ5b'@1AEEFHHHLJ\\\]]]]]]^____>v@vEvgvhvvvvvv,xLxqxxxxyzzyzzzzQ|||?~~*+1YӃo^_`PċŋfgPQTU1 0@10h@0001 1<1J0@11 11 1 0H1b1d1r120 1@1 0@0000R0T11 1~1@ 11B 1p1 01 1V#1#1#1x$1$0$0%1((0(1n)0,1z-0f/0@0@00P01010D11N10~0000000b0J0L0000000b1d0@ GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial9Palatino3Times"1hFf.qfr:| L'!0d}^Z21-News Johnny Gunn Johnny Gunnht. It appears that FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8 ՜.+,D՜.+,@ hp  'Nevada Observer:}: 21-News Title(RZ _PID_GUID _PID_HLINKS'AN{D29B9900-4FC0-11DC-BD90-ACB753A577DB}A@ "http://www.nevadadevelopment.org/x[*http://www.RealEastateAuctionByOwner.com/x7?http://www.realtytrac.com/x+-Ir^i@+H@cRdb_abdfgl"/IedJr`cehUnknown Johnny Gunn4%[%u%= >&>cAAAnEEEXXXX(C"C"4%v%))))))))****++ + +-/111v2='>@1AcAAnEEELJ[ h@mprr>v~xx(C"C"4%v%))))))))****++ + +-/111v2='>@1AcAAnEEELJ[ h@mprr>v~xx Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:adminiThe City s budget includes $70,000 that can be used for donations to non-profit organizations that provide a service or program of benefit to Reno residents. Each City Council member can propose to the entire City Council up to a maximum of $10,000 in donations to organizations, with each donation required to be approved by the City Council. Reno Fire Captain Jon Wagner early last year located and purchased the 1917 American LaFrance Type 17-85 four-wheel aerial tractor and 85-foot tillered ladder trailer that were privately owned and located in Portola Valley, north of San Jose, California. While the tractor had been somewhat protected in a three-sided barn, the tillered ladder trailer was parked in an open field where it remained for 55 years. The paint, gold leaf and other trim on both pieces was faded, or gone, and the original 85-foot ladder and ladder operating mechanism along with compliment of wooden extension and roof ladders, lanterns, leather buckets and other tools were also missing. The ladder truck was one of three pieces of equipment purchased from the American LaFrance Fire Engine Company, Inc. of Elmira, New York and delivered to Reno in October of 1917 as the Reno Fire Department entered its second year of conversion from horse-drawn equipment to motorized fire apparatus. That purchase included a 1917 Type 75 combination chemical/hose truck currently owned by and displayed at the National Automobile Museum in downtown Reno , and a1917 Type 45 900-gallon per minute pumper that is privately owned by individuals in Australia. Reno Fire Chief Ralph B. Hawcroft first won City Council approval to begin converting the fire department in 1916 with the purchase of two motorized fire apparatus from the Seagrave Company of Columbus, Ohio, that were supposed to arrive in 1916. Problems apparently followed the Seagrave purchase from the start with the City Council having to approve purchase of 6-7 tons of hay at $16 per ton delivered for the fire department s horses on November 27, 1916 due to a delay in the delivery of the new trucks that did not arrive until early in 1917. Other problems with the purchase are reflected in City Council minutes that state unless deficiencies in the apparatus were not addressed,  the matter will be taken into consideration when purchasing future apparatus. In March of 1917, the City Council approved Hawcroft developing specifications for an aerial ladder truck, a  gasoline pumping engine, and a combination chemical and hose truck, as well as  two chassis for mounting the two steamers now in service, and subsequently approved purchase of the equipment from American La France. Ironically, Hawcroft, a 35-year veteran of the department who was appointed chief in 1911 and who was the driving force in making the conversion from horse-drawn fire apparatus, was killed in an automobile accident at the intersection of Fourth and West Streets while responding to an alarm of fire near the location on November 12, 1928. The historic ladder truck remained in service with the Reno Fire Department until 1940 when it was sold to the Treasure Island Naval Station which apparently sold it in 1950. The ladder truck was replaced by a 1939-40 model American LaFrance that is also now owned by Jon Wagner. Wagner recognized the tremendous effort and funding that would be needed to restore the historic ladder truck so with others interested in the heritage of the Reno Fire Department organized Reno Fire Antique and Classic Apparatus as a Nevada non-profit corporation and federal 501-C3 tax exempt organization dedicated to acquiring and preserving fire relics related to the Reno Fire Department and educating the public about Reno s fire heritage, firefighting and fire prevention. Through the $120 a year per member dues, the group has already been able to disassemble the tractor and trailer, sandblast and prepare them for painting, and work on the engine which is being rebuilt. However, there is a long list of work to be done and equipment to be acquired that will take a lot of additional fstrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News Johnny GunnfMacintosh HD:Users:administrator:Desktop:Nevada Observer:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News@}x}x (N}x>v$5CJOJQJC$Eƀ5b'@1AEEFHHHLJ\\\]]]]]]^____>v@vEvgvhvv}x~xxxxxxx&zSzTzz{{{K}L}ABӈԈ1 0@10h@0001 1<1J0@11 11 1 0H1b1d1r120 1@1 0@0000R0T00@0@00P01010D11N10~0000000b0J0L0000000b1d0@ GTimes New Roman5Symbol3 Arial9Palatino3Times"1hFI-[fr:| L'!0d}^Z21-News Johnny Gunn Johnny Gunnr:Vol. 4, No. 21, 09-01-07:News Pages:21-1-News John FMicrosoft Word DocumentNB6WWord.Document.8 ՜.+,D՜.+,@ hp  'Nevada Observer:}: 21-News Title(RZ _PID_GUID _PID_HLINKS'AN{D29B9900-4FC0-11DC-BD90-ACB753A577DB}A@ "http://www.nevadadevelopment.org/x[*http://www.RealEastateAuctionByOwner.com/x7?http://www.realtytrac.com/x+-http://www.geothermal.org/x Oh+'0\   $ 0<DLT'21-News1-N Johnny GunnohnNormalG Johnny Gunn46nMicrosoft Word 8.0d@w3@L"@ $frhttp://www.geothermal.org/x Oh+'0\   $ 0<DLT'21-News1-N Johnny GunnohnNormalG Johnny Gunn45nMicrosoft Word 8.0d@y0@L"@a frAs of August 29 the federal government now owns the Crazy Horst Too sex palace one in the hands of reputed mobster Rick Rizzolo. Notices were posted by the U.S. Marshal's Service to that effect. Rizzolo is currently serving time for pleading guilty to many crimes that were committed on the property, and he took many of his henchmen to prison with him. Rizzolo has been ordered to sell the property or lose it, and to pay as much as $17 million in court claims, back taxes, and fines. c JrjbjbSS  11]000000d D$$<L2 4 4 4 4 4 4 ,@%4'd` 0` ernment now owns the Crazy Horsecse it, and to pay as much as $20 liens,Rizzolo has been connected to eastern criminal elements of the mob many times, and if the government is able to sell the defunct club with no liquor license, there are some that fear the mob may attempt to put a strawman in control. Rizzolo and his wife Liza divorced recently, and again, many believe the divorce was an attempt to protect Rizzolo's monetary interests, that the separation was planned in order to keep the feds from getting his money. Allegations continue that some of the offers to purchase the club are outrageously high and may have crime family backing. The Crazy Horse Too has been operating for about 20 years and during that time there have been numerous cases of patrons being physically beaten by club employees, patrons being killed by club employees, and patrons ripped off by club employees. Rizzolo currently sits in federal custody, the club is closed, the liquor license rescinded, and Federal District Judge Philip Pro holds the reins. Pro is the one who determines whether or not the club gets sold and to whom. The club with the bad rep has been "sold" once, but the deal didn't happen, has had several people come forward saying they were buying the club, but with no money, and now there are supposedly three or more offers on the table. What is an empty warehouse worth? Offers of up to $30 million have been discussed, but the building and grounds have been described as worth about $8 million to $12 million. At best. Rizzolo is just one of a number of $kindustry criminals to slime their way into federal prison recently. Mike Galardi did it the old fashioned way, bribing politicians to get his way, Vinny Faraci with blood dripping from his hands has the honor of serving us from Taft Federal Correctional, and federal investigations are underway as you read this dealing with continuing political fraud, money laundering, and drug distribution. Some of the money that Rizzolo owes is for fines and back taxes, but there is also money designed to help with medical bills for one crippled by club employees, for compensation from a death related to club employees, and for harrassment of one who leases land from the club. Even the City of Las Vegas has its hands out looking for some despite the fact that the crimes that were committed at the Crazy Horse were never addressed by either the city or the county. Despite years of criminal activity related to the sex joint only federal prosecution has taken place.,h/j/c JrjbjbSS 611U]000000d$L\&$tLj!l!l!l!l!l!l!,'t)d!0!h00F.hhhT00j!D0000j!h hj!00j!"$ :Tj!21-News Nevada Up To Its Neck In Hot Water Ormat Wins Leases On 70K Acres Of Geothermal by Johnny Gunn After being chastised recently by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) for holding up the works on geothermal leases on federal land, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) held a round of hot water leases in Reno just days before a statewide renewable energy summit. More than $20 million in bids were accepted by the federal agency that controls much of the open range in the Silver State. BLM said the auction signified a large expansion of geothermal activity in Nevada. We were extremely pleased with the unexpectedly high interest in our first competitive sale for lands in Idaho and Utah, said BLM Deputy Director Henri Bisson, and the success of todays sale in Nevada and California is a harbinger of continued rising interest in developing the Nations considerable geothermal energy resources, most of which are found on public lands. One of the world's largest producers of geothermal energy, Ormat Technologies, headquartered in Reno, won bids on 68,900 acres worth about $8.2 million. According to Dita Bronicki, President and CEO of Ormat, "This auction is an implementation of the new BLM rule which includes a requirement that geothermal resources be offered through a competitive lease process." Bronicki said Ormat now has leases on seven new sites in Nevada. In all, 43 geothermal parcels in Nevada and six in California were on the auction block. Bronicki pointed out that not all sites would end up being commercially viable. The 122,849 Nevada geothermal acres sold for $11.7 million with Ormat paying a high price of $510 per acre on a 5,120 acre parcel. The average was about $300 per acre. In California, an historic high of $11,000 per acre was paid for a parcel in the Geysers geothermal field. Geothermal acreage in Churchill, Pershing, Mineral, Nye, and Lander Counties were involved in the sale. According to the federal agency, about half the money from the auction will go to the state, each county will receive about one quarter of the money, and BLM will keep the rest. The BLM is also the co-lead agency with the Department of Energy of an effort to designate energy transport corridors on Federal lands in 11 Western States.As directed by the Energy Policy Act, these corridors would facilitate delivery of electric power from places where it is generated to where it is needed in homes and businesses. Most of these corridors are designed for inter-state use rather than intra-state.There are large areas of Nevada in which renewable energy resources are not available for development because of a lack of delivery systems, known as transmission grids. Most of those in the renewable energy field acknowledge this as the one single link missing in order for the Silver State to really forge ahead with renewable resources. One thousand megawatts of power supplies about one million homes and currently Nevada leads the nation in geothermal energy production with about 270 megawatts being produced. O000.000T002 D00002 0 02 002 $HT2 21-News Nevada Up To Its Neck In Hot Water Ormat Wins Leases On 70K Acres Of Geothermal by Johnny Gunn After being chastised recently by Senate Majority Leader Harry Reid (D-NV) for holding up the works on geothermal leases on federal land, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) held a round of hot water leases in Reno just days before a statewide renewable energy summit. More than $20 million in bids were accepted by the federal agency that controls much of the open range in the Silver State. BLM said the auction signified a large expansion of geothermal activity in Nevada. We were extremely pleased with the unexpectedly high interest in our first competitive sale for lands in Idaho and Utah, said BLM Deputy Director Henri Bisson, and the success of todays sale in Nevada and California is a harbinger of continued rising interest in developing the Nations considerable geothermal energy resources, most of which are found on public lands. One of the world's largest producers of geothermal energy, Ormat Technologies, headquartered in Reno, won bids on 68,900 acres worth about $8.2 million. According to Dita Bronicki, President and CEO of Ormat, "This auction is an implementation of the new BLM rule which includes a requirement that geothermal resources be offered through a competitive lease process." Bronicki said Ormat now has leases on seven new sites in Nevada. In all, 43 geothermal parcels in Nevada and six in California were on the auction block. Bronicki pointed out that not all sites would end up being commercially viable. The 122,849 Nevada geothermal acres sold for $11.7 million with Ormat paying a high price of $510 per acre on a 5,120 acre parcel. The average was about $300 per acre. In California, an historic high of $11,000 per acre was paid for a parcel in the Geysers geothermal field. Geothermal acreage in Churchill, Pershing, Mineral, Nye, and Lander Counties were involved in the sale. According to the federal agency, about half the money from the auction will go to the state, each county will receive about one quarter of the money, and BLM will keep the rest. The BLM is also the co-lead agency with the Department of Energy of an effort to designate energy transport corridors on Federal lands in 11 Western States.As directed by the Energy Policy Act, these corridors would facilitate delivery of electric power from places where it is generated to where it is needed in homes and businesses. Most of these corridors are designed for inter-state use rather than intra-state.There are large areas of Nevada in which renewable energy resources are not available for development because of a lack of delivery systems, known as transmission grids. Most of those in the renewable energy field acknowledge this as the one single link missing in order for the Silver State to really forge ahead with renewable resources. One thousand megawatts of power supplies about one million homes and currently Nevada leads the nation in geothermal energy production with about 270 megawatts being produced. OedfdeeggDiEiHkIkllnnnn%ookprp6rBrCrGrHrIrJrIrJrljPbj    R5B*OJQJ5B*CJ$OJQJ5B*CJ0OJQJ B*OJQJB*CJOJQJOJQJ/ =!"#$%On Center Street just south of Second? (Editor's Please Note: attached is acirca 1936 photo showing the 1917 ladder truck at an alarm in downtownReno with the 1917chemical hose car, left,and 1917 pumper, far right) j(RTFHbJLb$edfdeeggDiEiHkIkllnnnn%ookprp6rBrCrGrHrIrJrReno Man Rebuilding Historic Fire Engine Gets A Little Help From City Along The Way by Steve Frady Restoration of a landmark piece of Reno firefighting history received a boost Wednesday from the Reno City Council which approved donation of $1,000 to a local non-profit organization dedicated to preserving the Reno Fire Department s first motorized ladder truck and educating the public about Reno s fire heritage. DAVID PLEASE PUT THE FIRE ENGINE JPG HERE Cft,and 1917 pumper, far right. It appears thatIrJrljPbj    R35B*OJQJ5B*CJ$OJQJ5B*CJ0OJQJ B*OJQJB*CJOJQJOJQJ/ =!"#$%On Center Street just south of Second? (Editor's Please Note: attached is acirca 1936 photo showing the 1917 ladder truck at an alarm in downtownReno with the 1917chemical hose car, left,and 1917 pumper, far right) j(RTFHbJLb$Reno Man Rebuilding Historic Fire Engine Gets A Little Help From City Along The Way by Steve Frady Restoration of a landmark piece of Reno firefighting history received a boost Wednesday from the Reno City Council which approved donation of $1,000 to a local non-profit organization dedicated to preserving the Reno Fire Department s first motorized ladder truck and educating the public about Reno s fire heritage. DAVID PLEASE PUT THE FIRE ENGINE JPG HERE Cft,and 1917 pumper, far right. It appears that the conflagration may have been on Center Street just south of Second Street. The large building in the background with some letters showing may be the Golden Hotel. This is not confirmed. The donation was made through Reno Council Member Dan Gustin. unding such as replacement of the 85-foot ladder and its operating equipment as well as various other components, tools and special equipment that were originally on the truck. " " " bd  \^  6TV%%((,,$Mr. Bursh became the first sitting president to spend a night in Reno when he arrived the day before his scheduled speech. In what the BBC labeled an important international statement, the president warned Iran to stop supporting the militants fighting against the U.S. forces in Iraq. The Iranian president just the day before Mr. Bush's arrival in Reno said, "Soon, we will see a huge power vacuum in the region and of course, we are prepared to fill the gap." President Bush in his speech to the American L the conflagration may have been on Center Street just south of Second Street. The large building in the background with some letters showing may be the Golden Hotel. This is not confirmed. The donation was made through Reno Council Member Dan Gustin. unding such as replacement of the 85-foot ladder and its operating equipment as well as various other components, tools and special equipment that were originally on the truck. " " " bd  \^  6TV$Mr. Bursh became the first sitting president to spend a night in Reno when he arrived the day before his scheduled speech. In what the BBC labeled an important international statement, the president warned Iran to stop supporting the militants fighting against the U.S. forces in Iraq. The Iranian president just the day before Mr. Bush's arrival in Reno said, "Soon, we will see a huge power vacuum in the region and of course, we are prepared to fill the gap." President Bush in his speech to the American Legion accused Iran's Revolutionary Guards of funding and arming insurgents in Iraq. He said, "I have authorised our military commanders in Iraq to confront Tehran's murderous activities." He did not explain further. American Legion American Pegion accused Iran's Revolutionary Guards of funding and arming insurgents in Iraq. He said, "I have authorised our military commanders in Iraq to confront Tehran's murderous activities." He did not explain further. American Legion and Washoe County has announced the lay off of more than 12 employees. The relate the layoff directly to the slack economy Sales tax figures for June have been released by the state taxation department and retail sales are off also compared to the previous month, and compared to one year ago. Retail sales in Nevada were reported at $4.5 billion, off 0.3 percent from one year ago. the June report marked the end of the 2006-07 fiscal year and Nevada's retail sales for the year topped out at $49.4 billion, up 1.7 percent from the previous fiscal year. Clark County sales fell just slightly, one tenth of one percent, while Washoe County's retail sales were off by three percent. Most of the rural counties suffered losses of retail sales with the exception of Carson City which had an increase of 4.5 percent. That might be attributable to the legislative session which was still going on at the time. Governor Jim Gibbons remains optomistic about the state's economy while still recognizing areas of concern. "Consumer spending remains strong, with slight growth in the construction industry which is offset in the decline of automobile purchases, one of Nevada's major economic indicators." He said Nevada seems to be mirroring what is happening to the economy nationally. " " " Feds Assume Control Of Crazy Horse Federal Marshals Replace Topless Dancers American P      and Washoe County has announced the lay off of more than 12 employees. The relate the layoff directly to the slack economy Sales tax figures for June have been released by the state taxation department and retail sales are off also compared to the previous month, and compared to one year ago. Retail sales in Nevada were reported at $4.5 billion, off 0.3 percent from one year ago. the June report marked the end of the 2006-07 fiscal year and Nevada's retail sales for the year topped out at $49.4 billion, up 1.7 percent from the previous fiscal year. Clark County sales fell just slightly, one tenth of one percent, while Washoe County's retail sales were off by three percent. Most of the rural counties suffered losses of retail sales with the exception of Carson City which had an increase of 4.5 percent. That might be attributable to the legislative session which was still going on at the time. Governor Jim Gibbons remains optomistic about the state's economy while still recognizing areas of concern. "Consumer spending remains strong, with slight growth in the construction industry which is offset in the decline of automobile purchases, one of Nevada's major economic indicators." He said Nevada seems to be mirroring what is happening to the economy nationally. " " " Feds Assume Control Of Crazy Horse Federal Marshals Replace Topless Dancers As of August 29 the federal government now owns the Crazy Horst Too sex palace one in the hands of reputed mobster Rick Rizzolo. Notices were posted by the U.S. Marshal's Service to that effect. Rizzolo is currently serving time for pleading guilty to many crimes that were committed on the property, and he took many of his henchmen to prison with him. Rizzolo has been ordered to sell the property or lose it, and to pay as much as $17 million in court claims, back taxes, and fines.