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April 14, 2010
Nevada's Online State News Journal
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Nevada History:
[From the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, Series I, vol. 50, Parts 1 and 2]
US ARMY OPERATIONS IN NEVADA AND UTAH TERRITORIES 1863 (Jul-Dec)
[OR I-50-2, p. 509]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., July 2, 1863.
His Excellency Orion Clemens,
Acting Governor of Nevada Territory, Carson City, Nev. Ter.:
Governor: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Your Excellency's communication of the 29th ultimo. At this moment it is impossible to station a company at Reese River. Troops will, however, be passing and re-passing that place very frequently during the summer. As it appears to be somewhat difficult to raise infantry companies in Nevada, I shall be very glad to accept two more cavalry companies under the same conditions as those already asked for; that is, the men to furnish their own horses and horse equipments.
With great respect, Your Excellency's obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 515-516]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., July 9, 1863.
Capt. M. A. McLaughlin,
Second Cavalry California Volunteers,
Comdg. Camp Independence, Owen's River Valley, Cal.:
Sir: The department commander desires you to make immediate preparations for moving the force under your command to Fort Tejon, which will be reoccupied. Until the close of the summer one company will be camped near to or on the South Fork of Kern River, or at such other point in that vicinity as you may deem best to give the necessary protection to the whites residing in the country known as Owen's Lake Valley. Settlers cutting hay or wood in the valley will not, the general directs, be molested or removed from the land claimed under the preemption laws.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
__________
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., July 10, 1863.
Brig. Gen. L. Thomas,
Adjutant- General U. S. Army, Washington, D. C:
General: For the information of the General-in-Chief and War Department, I have the honor to inclose herewith a communication addressed to my headquarters by Brig. Gen. P. E. Connor, commanding the District of Utah, dated at Great Salt Lake City, June 24, 1863.[1] The condition of affairs in Utah and the civil polity which prevails under the supreme authority of Brigham Young, the head of the Mormon Church, is clearly set forth in the report of General Connor. At the request of the general I forward this report to general headquarters, although the facts are doubtless well known at the War Department. In connection with the request for re-enforcements, I have to report that the command which marched from Sacramento, as reported in my letter to you dated on the 14th of June, is already in advance of Fort Churchill, on its way to Salt Lake. The company of the Second Cavalry and the company of the Third Infantry, lately stationed at Churchill, have also been ordered to proceed at once to Salt Lake. The acting Governor of Nevada Territory informs me that he finds it impossible to raise infantry companies in that mining region, but feels confident of being able to raise two more companies of cavalry, if I would accept them. I have answered in the affirmative, that I would accept them on the same conditions as the others; that is, they are to furnish their own horses and equipments.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier-General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 517]
Special Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Pacific,
No. 162. ) San Francisco, Cal, July 10, 1863.
1. Camp Independence will be abandoned as soon after the receipt of this order as practicable, and the troops thereat will proceed to and reoccupy Fort Tejon, taking with them all the movable property.
*******
By order of Brigadier-General Wright:
RICHD. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 518]
Virginia City, July 11, 1803.
(Received 5.25 p. m. 13th.)
His Excellency Abraham Lincoln,
President United States:
I implore you, sir, in the name of the loyal people of Nevada, to do nothing toward taking possession of any mines on the Pacific Slope.
GEO. TURNER,
Chief Justice.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 517]
General Orders, ) Camp Independence,
No. 12. ) Owen's River Valley, Cal., July 10, 1863.
In consequence of the temporary absence of the commanding officer and other superior officers on urgent duty the command of the troops at this camp will devolve upon First Lieut. George D. French, Second Cavalry California Volunteers. He will be respected and obeyed accordingly.
By order:
M. A. McLaughlin,
Captain, Second Cavalry California Volunteers.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 519]
General Orders, ) Camp Independence,
No. 13. ) Owen's River Valley, Cal, July 11, 1863.
The undersigned hereby assumes command of this camp. All existing orders will remain in full force and effect until repealed.
By order:
GEORGE D. FRENCH,
First Lieut., Second Cavalry California Vols., Comdg. Camp.
__________
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., July 11, 1863.
Brig. Gen. P. Edward Connor, U. S. Volunteers,
Commanding District of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Ter.:
General : I am instructed by the general commanding the department that your order relating to the disloyal element coming to this department is approved. The condition of affairs on this coast, and the immense effort now being made by the enemies of our Government to detach us therefrom, require the greatest watchfulness on the part of officers. The general is exceedingly gratified at your prompt action in this matter.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 527-531]
Headquarters District of Utah,
Great Salt Lake City, Utah Ter., July 18, 1863.
Lieut. Col. R. C. Drum, U. S. Army,
Assistant Adjutant-General, San Francisco, Cal. :
Colonel: I have the honor to inform the general commanding the department that a short time since I received overtures from the several chiefs of the tribe of Indians known as the Southern Utes, recently hostile, asking a suspension of hostilities and desiring peace. The inadequacy of my command rendered it impracticable to administer to them more severe punishment than had already been inflicted, and for this reason, as well as from motives of prudence and humanity, I responded favorably to the overtures and appointed Tuesday, the 14th of July, and Spanish Fork Reservation as the time and place of conference with all who chose to avail themselves of the opportunity offered. Runners were dispatched in various directions, as well by the Indians as by me, and the several bands of the hostile tribe notified of the time, place, and object of meeting. I may here remark that some weeks previously I had in like manner induced the band of Utes under the lead of the chief Little Soldier to come in and hold a conference with me, and that a satisfactory understanding was arrived at between us. Little Soldier delivered up all the Government stock in his hands, and received from me the Indian ponies, thirteen in number, captured at Spanish Fork last April. After consultation with Governor Doty, acting superintendent of Indian affairs, this band was located in the valley of the West Mountain, about twenty-live miles west of this city, and proper measures taken by the superintendent to provide for their immediate wants. The kindly treatment bestowed on Little Soldier and his band on the first indication of a desire for peace on their part unquestionably had a good effect on the remainder of the tribe, who had been repeatedly assured by the Mormons that I intended to entice them in and wage a war of extermination upon them, whether they wished for peace or not.
One of the results of the treaty with Little Soldier was the overtures of the balance of the chiefs above referred to. Accordingly, on the 10th instant, accompanied by Governor Doty, my staff, and an escort of twenty men of Company A, Second California Volunteer Cavalry, I left this city for Spanish Fork Reservation, distant about sixty miles south in Utah Valley. Halting at Springville, a few miles north of the old reservation, I ascertained that between 600 and 700 Indians, under their several chiefs, were encamped not far off in Spanish Fork Cañon. They were much alarmed at the display of cavalry, so great has become their dread of the soldiers and so persistent the efforts of bad white men to convince them that I was acting treacherously with them. Prompt assurances of good faith on my part moderated their fears, and the following morning, Tuesday, the 14th, we proceeded to the farmhouse on the old reservation. In due time the chiefs, accompanied by their warriors, well armed and mounted, made their appearance and cautiously approached. Everything consistent with propriety and dignity was done to allay their fears and suspicions, and after some time the effort succeeded. The chiefs, surrounded by their warriors, assembled in front of the house, and there I briefly, addressed them, through an interpreter. The chiefs present comprised the leading men of the tribe and representatives from every band of the Utes heretofore hostile. Of the chiefs of separate bands who took part in the conference I may mention Antero, Tabby, Canosh, Ute-Pete, Au-ke-wah-kus, and Black Hawk. My address was brief, assuring them that as they desired peace I was there to grant it on proper terms; that the Government wished to protect all good Indians, and was equally determined and able to severely punish all bad ones. I sought to disabuse their minds of the idea so industriously circulated among them that I wanted to exterminate or fight them, at the same time giving them to understand my entire readiness and ability to punish every hostile act. At the conclusion of my speech Governor Doty addressed the tribe, reiterated what I had said, and told them it was his duty and pleasure to provide for their immediate wants. He distributed presents among them, including tobacco, ten beef-cattle, and fifty sacks of flour. The chiefs then, one after the other, responded, expressing regret for past bad acts and their hearty desire for peace. To this they pledged themselves and their several bands. The conference and treaty closed most satisfactorily, and the Indians departed for their encampment well pleased with the result. I am satisfied that the happiest results will follow; that the Utes are heartily tired of war, and will be the last to break the peace and again inaugurate the troubles recently visited upon them by our troops. Every leading chief of the tribe, except San Pitch, was present. The latter is very sick and unable to travel, but sent word that he would abide by the treaty and desired peace.
The range of this tribe is from Deep Creek, on the west, to Fort Bridger, on the east, and mainly south of and along the stage line, so that this treaty effectually relieves any apprehension along the line between the points named. To the north is the Snake or Shoshone tribe. With these I formed a treaty at Bridger on the 5th of June, as stated in my communication of the 15th ultimo. The several bands have been once more united under the chieftainship of the peaceful Wa-sha-kee, and are living in quiet contentment near Bridger, under the charge and guardianship of the Indian Department. Since the date of the Snake treaty I have received a message from Pocatello, the celebrated Snake chief, begging for peace and asking for a conference. He says he is tired of war, and has been effectually driven from the Territory with a small remnant of his once powerful band. He now sues for peace, and having responded favorably to his request I will meet him at an early day, and will conclude with him what I have no doubt will prove a lasting peace. Thus at last I have the pleasure to report peace with the Indian on all hands, save only a few hostile Goshutes west and north of Deep Creek. These cannot number more than 100 braves, and I have dispatched two companies of the Second Cavalry under Capt. S. P. Smith, who will scour the entire surrounding country and kill or drive off the last remaining hostile band. I have little doubt that on hearing of the treaty made with the Utes the Goshutes, at least those who escape Captain Smith, will sue for peace. I may therefore confidently report the end of Indian difficulties on the Overland Stage Line and within this district, from the Snake River, on the north, to Arizona, on the south, and from Green River to Carson Valley.
Having thus concluded the main, if not the only special, duty assigned me and the brave, hardy troops under my command, under circumstances far from propitious, and difficulties impossible to be fully understood at a distance, I beg leave at this, an appropriate time, respectfully to lay my views before the general commanding as to future operations. As heretofore frequently represented, the forces under my command are too meager in numbers to accomplish much more than guard the stage road from hostile Indians, and even for this purpose they are scarcely adequate when there is a general uprising of the savages along its entire length, as was recently the case. This trouble, however, I am well satisfied is now at an end. The punishment administered to the Indians and the hardships endured by them in consequence of our war upon them during the winter and spring have made them heartily and sincerely desirous of continued peace. Without the most criminal conduct on the part of bad white men no apprehension need be entertained of future trouble with either the Snake or Ute tribe. For any other purpose than suppressing Indian difficulties the force at my command is manifestly and ridiculously inadequate, and its presence here, no matter how circumspect and prudent we may be, is necessarily but a source of irritation to a people who regard us as trespassers and enemies no less than as armed representatives of a Government they have always hated, and which I fear they are now learning to despise. If it be the intention of the Government to take hold of the Mormon question with a strong hand, suppress the evil deeds of this peculiar people, and enforce the laws of the land upon an unwilling and hostile community, it can only be done by promptly and materially re-enforcing the command now in this district; but I am constrained to believe that for reasons which I have no doubt properly commend themselves to the authorities at Washington, such is not the present intention of the Government. This being the case, and in view of the peaceful condition of Indian affairs in this Territory, I beg leave respectfully to suggest the propriety and advisability of withdrawing the California Volunteers from this district to California, where I cannot but believe their services may be required, and where they certainly can be more useful to Government than to remain in garrison here. I am sure that under existing circumstances our presence in this Territory is a source of annoyance to the people, of constant complaint and alarm, of jealousy and apprehension, which are liable at any moment to break out in open hostility and unfortunate collision, beyond the control of human power. Unable as we are effectually to overawe or suppress continued exhibitions of enmity and hatred, and violation of law, our feebleness to cope successfully with the Mormons being as well known to them as to ourselves, the presence of our small force here but tends to irritate and provoke those difficulties which it is certainly desirable to avoid until the Government shall be prepared to assume other relations toward the people of this Territory and the autocrat of the Church. I have already had the honor to inform the commanding general of the fact that there are now crossing the plains an immense emigration, four-fifths of whom are loudly and notoriously disloyal to the Government and bent on the destruction of the Union, if their voices or deeds can accomplish it. I am convinced that not less than 15,000 or 20,000 traitors will this year cross the continent and become incorporated in the population of California and Oregon, The measures taken by me to meet the exigencies have also been reported, but it is apparent that administering the oath of allegiance has but little restraining effect, being but lightly regarded by men who have so fallen from their high estate as American citizens as to lose all respect for the Government of their fathers and regard for the institutions of their country.
In the language of your favor of the 11th instant, this day received, I am satisfied that the condition of affairs on this (Pacific) coast, and the immense effort now being made by the enemies of our Government to detach us therefrom, requires the greatest watchfulness on the part of officers, and when I see each day so many disloyal men seeking the West to add their strength to the already emboldened body of traitors in California, I not only appreciate the impolicy of sending re-enforcements hither, but rather the propriety of recalling the California quota in this district, where now they are not needed. It is unnecessary for me to refer to what is manifestly each day transpiring in California— the increasing boldness and defiant attitude of disloyal men assembled under cover of party names, or the manifold evidences of treasonable sentiments all around you, for the commanding general must be better possessed of such knowledge than I possibly can be; but in the present state of affairs there and here I have esteemed it my duty to set forth the facts of the case in this district and tender the suggestion herein contained. Should it meet the approval of the general I would also suggest that the four companies of Nevada cavalry now being raised would be ample to guard the stage and telegraph lines in this district and protect public property within the Territory, while at the same time they would not be a source of alarm and irritation to the strange people of Utah. In connection with the foregoing I may say that the California column in this Territory can safely take up its line of march as late as the 15th of September and reach California in fifty days. Their experience, soldierly bearing, and excellent quality, eminently fit them for service either in California or wherever the country needs patriotic hearts, and willing stalwart arms. While writing this letter another message from Pocatello has reached me suing for peace offering to treat on my own terms, and proposing to meet me at Brigham City, sixty-eight miles north of here, on the 30th instant. He also says that the Bannocks, with whom he and his band have lately been ranging, and who frequent Snake River and the sources of the Humboldt, are also desirous of making a treaty, and some of their chiefs will accompany him.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
P. EDW. CONNOR,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding District.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 535-536]
Camp Independence,
Owen's River Valley, July 22, 1863.
Col. R. C. Drum, U. S. Army,
Assistant Adjutant- General, San Francisco, Cal.:
Colonel: I have the honor to state that upon the evening of July 10, 1863, I had the Indians assembled upon the camp parade ground, where, as they passed by file, they were counted and found to number 998. Many more came in afterward, who must have increased the number to considerably over 1,000. I then caused them all to be seated except the chiefs, whom I called to the center of the parade ground, and there announced through the interpreter, José Chico, the orders with regard to their removal. I had taken the precaution to have the troops so stationed that their presence did not excite the suspicions of the Indians, and yet at the time I made the announcement they were completely surrounded. Seeing that there was no avenue of escape they quietly submitted, Captain George remarking, "American capitan sabe mucho, Indian poco." The acting commissary of subsistence furnished them with rations until the 31st of July. During the night the troops slept upon their arms on the parade ground, ready at a moment's notice to prevent any attempt at escape. The night passed off quietly, and on the morning of the 11th the rations and as many of the women and children as could be were placed in the wagons, and the whole, guarded by about seventy men, composed of detachments of Companies G and E, left Camp Independence. The weather being very hot, the Indians making an unwilling march, and with so little transportation, the sufferings upon the route were intense. At Walker's Pass I found that the water was insufficient for the troops, Indians, and animals, and fearing to meet another train at Desert Springs, I made a night march through the pass across the summit, and followed down the South Fork of the Kern River till its junction with the North Fork, with the intention of passing through Walker's Basin. Along this whole route good water and grass are found, which well compensates for the difference in the length of the road. Fearing that forage from San Pedro would not arrive in time, I had caused forage to be gathered at Walker's Pass, and as the train passed down Kern River Valley sufficient was collected to furnish them through to the reservation. I am satisfied that had I crossed the desert many lives would have been lost from want of water, and that great suffering at least has been avoided by the route through Walker's Basin. On the evening of July 17, while encamped at Hot Springs Valley, three miles from Keysville, on the left bank of Kern River, I had the honor to receive your letter of instructions, dated July 9, 1863, relative to the removal of the troops from Camp Independence, and also Special Orders, No. 162, relative to the abandonment of Camp Independence. On the morning of July 18 I placed Captain Noble in command of the expedition, and, accompanied by Captain Ropes and one man, started back to Camp Independence, where I arrived on the 21st of July; distance, supposed, about 150 miles. Captain Noble, after having delivered the Indians over to the Indian superintendent, will go on to Fort Tejon with the detachment belonging to his company. The train will return, via Kern River, escorted by the detachment of Company G, which is ordered to encamp opposite the mouth of the Kelsey Cañon, on the South Fork of Kern River. Mr. Banning's teams are en route to this camp with barley, which I have ordered to be distributed along the route. I intend to employ these teams on their return trip to carry what loads they can to Tejon, and hope that with these (Banning's) teams and the Government teams to be able to furnish sufficient transportation for all movable property at this camp, and to distribute it at the same time where it may be needed.
Hoping that my course may meet with your approval, I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. A. McLaughlin,
Captain Company D, Second Cavalry California Vols., Comdg.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 545-546]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, July 31, 1863.
Adjutant-General U. S. Army,
Washington, D. C.:
Sir: I have the honor to inclose herewith, for the consideration of the General-in-Chief and War Department, a communication addressed to my headquarters by Brig. Gen. P. E. Connor, commanding the District of Utah, dated at Great Salt Lake City, July 18, 1863.[2] The different tribes of Indians living within the District of Utah appear anxious for peace. Most of them have already made treaties of peace with General Connor, and I am sure that with the re-enforcements I have sent forward the Overland Mail Route will be perfectly safe. I have been for some time considering as to the propriety of removing the troops from the immediate vicinity of Great Salt Lake City to the old position at Camp Floyd. Supplies are more easily obtained at the latter place, and it would obviate the irritations and complaints which are constantly arising between the soldiers and citizens. I have written to Governor Doty and General Connor on this subject, and should I decide to remove the troops to Camp Floyd I propose to establish the headquarters of the district in Great Salt Lake City. I shall not withdraw the troops from Utah. The presence of the force now there is indispensable for the protection of the Overland Mail Route and the general safety of the country. I have troops enough in California for present wants. Should it become necessary to use force to preserve the peace and quiet of this State we have plenty of loyal Union-loving men and arms in abundance to meet the crisis.
With great respect, your most obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 547-548]
Salt Lake, July 31, 1863—7.35 p. m.
Col. R. C. Drum:
Made treaty with remaining bands of Snake Indians yesterday. Muster-rolls have already been forwarded.
P. E. CONNOR,
Brigadier- General.
__________
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., July 31, 1863.
Brig. Gen. P. E. Connor, U. S. Volunteers,
Commanding District of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Ter.:
General: The department commander has it in contemplation to reoccupy Fort or Camp Crittenden as the principal military post in the District of Utah. Several considerations have induced the general to believe that that is the most eligible position for the mass of the troops, both for the protection of the overland route, which is the principal object of the Government in sending a force into Utah, and giving general security to persons and property therein. The general desires you to make immediate preparations to this end, ascertaining through disinterested parties at what the buildings, &c., could possibly be obtained and when possession could be given. Should the terms be reasonable and no objection existing, Lieutenant-Colonel Moore's command will halt at Camp Crittenden and retain possession. The change of camp will not affect the district headquarters, which will still remain in Salt Lake City, should you so desire it. You will advise the general by telegraph, if you think necessary, at what price the property can be obtained and when the command at Camp Douglas can be moved to Camp Crittenden.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 551]
San Francisco, Cal., August 3, 1863.
(Received 6.30 a. m. 4th.)
Col. E. D. TOWNSEND :
General Connor made treaty with remaining bands Snake Indians on 31st [30th] of July.
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 556]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., August 5, 1863.
Capt. M. A. McLaughlin,
Second Cavalry California Vols., Comdg. Fort Tejon, Cal.:
Sir: Your letter of the 22d ultimo, reporting the removal of Indians from Owen's River Valley to the Tejon Reservation, has been submitted to the general commanding, who approves your course. The general directs that you will hold in close confinement the balance of the persons implicated in killing Indians until it is fully determined whether there is any law applicable to the case.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 561-562]
Aurora, Mono County, Cal.,
August 11, 1863.
Brigadier-General Wright,
San Francisco:
Dear Sir: I hereby transmit the following statement accidentally obtained by a Union man of this place, who cannot well come to San Francisco as a witness against the parties implicated, neither wishes to create enmity among the traitors, with whom he happens to be interested in mining claims. Except for these reasons his affidavit would accompany this letter. One L. H. Newton, an old resident, who has made considerable property in this district, gave out among his friends lately his intention to go to Mexico, &c. Last week my informant met him in a rather communicative mood, caused by liquor, and in the conversation stated his intention of going to Texas to light for his country under one Jeff. Davis, adding, "and here in this pocket is my commission," a colonel's, I believe. He, L. H. N., also stated that they had a bark fitting out at or near San Francisco (which my informant heard from another source) that is intended for Confederate service; that was a very fast sailer, strong, and in every respect a fine craft; that her armament was down the coast, lately shipped from England, and that she would probably clear for the Fiji Islands or some of the islands in the Pacific. This Newton has been one of the most prominent secessionists in the district for a long time. He is about six feet high, large and heavy built, light complexion, and whiskers on the chin; I think about thirty years of age. He leaves to-day for his destination. Have not been able to learn how long he intends remaining in San Francisco; probably until the steamer sails for Guaymas, I am aware that the exit of his class from the State is a great advantage, but still think it my duty to give the facts, and if arrested and searched and his commission is found, there is the proof. One Peter Johnson, a Swede, left here for San Francisco a few days since. He was overheard to say something about a bark being fitted out below for rebel use, but nothing different from the above account. I should prefer sending a sworn statement, but my authority would not permit the use of his name nor mine, saying the above were the facts and that they were at your service, and if you desired further proof a capable detective at the bay would be able to corroborate his story.
Trusting to your judgment in the matter, I remain, respectfully, your servant,
UNION LEAGUE.
[Indorsement.]
Respectfully referred to Mr. Low, who will please favor me with his opinion.
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 578]
Special Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Pacific,
No. 193. ) San Francisco, Cal., August 18, 1863.
******
3. Maj. Edward McGarry, Second Cavalry California Volunteers, will proceed without delay to Camp Douglas, near Salt Lake City. The quartermaster's department will furnish the necessary transportation.
By order of Brigadier-General Wright:
RICHD. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 578-579]
War Dept., Provost-Marshal-General's Office,
Washington, D. C, August 18, 1863.
His Excellency James W. Nye,
Governor of Nevada Territory, Carson City, Nev. Ter.:
Sir : With a view to uniform and harmonious execution of the enrollment act, it has been deemed best to assign an officer of rank to duty for the State of California and Territory of Nevada. He will be instructed to confer with Your Excellency, to superintend the operation of the provost-marshals and boards of enrollment in the several districts of the State and Territory, to secure from the provost-marshals and boards and submit to the State and Territorial Executives such rolls and reports as may be deemed necessary for the files of the State and Territory, and to prepare from the records thereof and transmit to provost-marshals and boards of enrollment such information as maybe received and useful to them in the performance of their duties placed at his disposal. In accordance with the foregoing, Bvt. Maj. George P. Andrews, Third Artillery, U. S. Army, has been appointed to take post at San Francisco, Cal. He is an officer of superior ability and a gentleman of attainments, and it is hoped his assignment will prove agreeable to Your Excellency. The War Department will be pleased if Your Excellency will communicate freely with him and secure as far as possible for all other officers appointed under the enrollment act the co-operation of the civil officers of your Territory.
I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JAS. B. FRY,
Provost-Marshal- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 581]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., August 19, 1863.
Brig. Gen. P. E. Connor, U. S. Volunteers,
Commanding District of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Ter.:
General: The instructions from these headquarters relative to changing the position occupied by your command from Camp Douglas to Camp Crittenden, and directing the movement of Lieutenant-Colonel Moore's command, are modified by the general commanding to the extent that if, in your judgment, the withdrawal of the troops from Camp Douglas would produce an impression on the minds of the Mormons that the removal was in consequence of disapprobation of your course while in command, or in any manner injurious to the interests of the Government, you will retain Camp Douglas as your principal station. Believing that it would be well to reoccupy Camp Crittenden now or at some future day, the general desires you to ascertain at what price it can be purchased, and if the sum asked is small you can purchase and use it for such purposes as may be deemed necessary.
Respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 582-585]
HEADQUARTERS DEPARTMENT OF THE PACIFIC,
San Francisco, August 20, 1863.
Adjutant-General. U. S. Army,
Washington, D. C. :
Sir : I have the honor to inclose herewith a communication addressed to me by His Excellency James D. Doty, Governor of the Territory of Utah, it will doubtless be gratifying to the General-in-Chief and War Department to learn that the Indian difficulties in the Territory have been brought at last to a happy termination, and that a good feeling exists between the troops and inhabitants, promising peace and quiet in the country. In my communication addressed to you on the 31st of July I advised you that I had under consideration the propriety of removing the troops from the immediate vicinity of Great Salt Lake City to the old position of Fort Crittenden, but previous to the receipt of the Governor's letter I had determined to maintain our present station at Camp Douglas. Two full companies of Nevada Territory cavalry now at Fort Churchill will move in a few days toward Salt Lake. The condition of affairs in California remains unchanged. The near approach of the general election for State and Federal officers creates some excitement in the public mind, but no apprehensions of any serious disturbances are entertained. The election is a very important one, as it fixes the status of the State for the next four years. I have no doubt the Union party will carry the State by an overwhelming majority. The superintendent of Indian affairs for the Southern District of California having removed all the Indians (1,000 in number) from Owen's River Valley to the reservation near Fort Tejon, I have reoccupied that post with a squadron of cavalry. I have also sent three companies of the Second Infantry California Volunteers, with the headquarters of the regiment, to reoccupy Fort Miller, in Fresno County In Fresno, as well as in the adjoining county of Tulare, there is a large element of disloyalty, and the presence of troops in that quarter is indispensably necessary, at least until after the election. Some Indian difficulties in Butte County, east of the Sacramento River, made it necessary to send a force there. Lieutenant-Colonel Hooker, Sixth Infantry California Volunteers, with two companies of infantry and a detachment of cavalry, has been ordered up to remove the Indians, as well as to look after certain of the disaffected whites. I have nothing special to report of Southern California. With my troops at San Pedro, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Yuma, and San Diego, peace, quiet, and respect for the laws will be maintained. In the District of Oregon quiet prevails. The new post on the Boise River is being built as rapidly as circumstances will permit. The cavalry under Colonel Maury, Oregon volunteers, now on the emigrant road, will fall back late in the fall, and owing to the scarcity of forage at Boise will winter at Fort Walla Walla.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier-General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
[Inclosure.]
Great Salt Lake City, August 9, 1863.
General : I have the pleasure to acknowledge your letter dated July 31, which came here while I was on a visit to some of the Goshute tribe in Tooele Valley, who are suing for peace—protest that they are friendly to the whites and are afraid the soldiers will kill them. This is the condition in which I desire to see all the tribes in this Territory. They now realize the fact that the Americans are the masters of this country, and it is my purpose to make them continue to feel and to acknowledge it. Without this there can be no permanent peace here and no security upon the routes of travel. This has been mainly accomplished by the vigor and bravery of the troops under your command. The continued occupation of the posts at Soda Springs, Fort Bridger, and Ruby I deem indispensable, and that frequent excursions be made by the cavalry along the roads east and west of these points and north and south of this place. Your troops have displaced the Mormon power over these Indians, and it is of great importance to Government at this moment that it be kept where it is for a year or two at least. This city is the seat of all power in this country, and the only point from which the authority of the Government over the Indians or people can be, I think, successfully maintained. But it is only in case of hostilities by the Indians or open resistance to the laws and the judiciary that the soldiery can be usefully employed here. At present there appears to be no danger of a collision between the troops at Camp Douglas and the inhabitants of this town. Several of our most respected citizens were apprehensive at one time that seizures of citizens would be attempted without due authority, but it is now believed their fears were groundless, or if not, that the crisis has passed, and the inhabitants and troops are now associating together upon the most friendly terms. There are reasons which cannot now be given why it is supposed Brigham Young does not desire the presence of troops either here or at any place in the Territory; but I think it would be a detriment to the public service if this post should be abandoned at present, and until there shall appear a manifest occasion for it. If a collision occurs between the civil officers of the United States and the Mormons this is the place where it must occur, and where those officers will require instant protection and assistance. I presume you are aware that a military organization exists among these people in this city and in every settlement, which, it is understood, is provided expressly to be used to maintain the Mormon authority whenever it shall conflict with that of the United States. While I do not think such a conflict is likely now to occur, yet prudence and duty require that we should be prepared for it at the right point. The sword is not the weapon, as I conceive, with which to correct errors of either morals or religion, and I am sure, general, that you no more than myself would wish to see it so employed; but it may well be used to resist the attacks of fanatics upon the constituted authorities of our country engaged in the performance of their duty. This, like all other governments in the United States, is a government of the people, and should be administered for their benefit. This is no more than is required by the people of every State. I have perhaps written in reply to your request with greater freedom on this subject than you desire, but it is one of much importance to this people and to the Government of the United States. Whilst I would most earnestly recommend additional troops at Soda Springs, Fort Bridger, and a new post in Uintah Valley, where the Ute Indians are to be collected and settled, I do not think the force at this point should be increased or diminished at this time. The favorable sentiments you express in regard to myself are very gratifying and much esteemed. I was fully aware of the difficulties of the position by the fate of my predecessors and the knowledge acquired during my residence here. Many of those difficulties arise from the mistaken notion that the interests of this people and those of the Government are at variance. I think they are not, and that they may possibly become reconciled by one who seeks for peace, which is, as heretofore, my mission.
I remain, with great regard, general, your obedient servant,
JAMES DUANE DOTY.
__________
Special Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Pacific,
No. 195. ) San Francisco, Cal., August 30, 1863
********
2. Maj. Andrew W. Bowman, Ninth Infantry, will repair to the Presidio of San Francisco and relieve Lieut. Col. C. C. Sibley, in command of the Ninth Regiment, U. S. Infantry. When relieved the latter will comply with orders received from the War Department.
3. Lieut. Col. Ambrose E. Hooker, Sixth Infantry California Volunteers, with two companies of infantry (one of the Second and one of the Sixth), to be selected by the commanding officer of Benicia Barracks will proceed without delay by water to Chico, Butte County, Cal. The command shall be supplied with provisions to last until the 30th of September, and the necessary camp equipage. An additional amount of subsistence will be sent for the troops already there. On his arrival Lieutenant-Colonel Hooker will assume command of all the troops at and in the vicinity of Chico, Cal. The quartermaster's, commissary, and ordnance departments will furnish the necessary transportation and supplies on requisition.
**********
5. The District of Utah will include the Territory of Utah, Camp Ruby, Nev. Ter., and the new post established at Soda Springs, in the Territory of Idaho.
By order of Brigadier- General Wright:
RICHD. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 588]
Hdqrs. Expedition against the Snake Indians,
Camp on Port Neuf River, August 23, 1863.
Brig. Gen. P. Edward Connor,
Commanding District of Utah, Great Salt Lake City, Utah Ter. :
General: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of yours dated August 1. I had received one of same date and tenor from Governor Doty while en route to this camp. There are no Indians on the north side of Snake River between this and Fort Boise. The emigration thus far has gone through without trouble or interruption from any source. The Bannock Indians referred to by you I find encamped near old Fort Hall. They express great desire to be at peace. I have no authority to treat with them, but have adopted your suggestions with regard to them. Most all the Indians that live northwest of Salt Lake visit the country known as the camas grounds, and remain in that vicinity till the salmon or fishing season commences, and I fear unless they are collected and settled, and a supervisory control exercised, that difficulties will recur on their periodical visits for the purpose of gathering roots, as mining parties are scattered through the country generally, and frequently offering great temptation for them to steal, and not unfrequently committing aggressions, which induce retaliation and war. I hope to find on the south side of Snake River on my return to Fort Walla Walla the remaining portions of what are known as the Shoshone or Snake Indians, and to be able to inflict such punishment as their crimes deserve. They are, I think, on the headwaters of the streams which enter Snake River below the Salmon Falls. I will remain in this camp for several days, awaiting the arrival (if there is any more) of the rear of emigration for Oregon and Washington.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. F. MAURY,
Colonel First Oregon Cavalry, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 613]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., September 9, 1863.
Lieut. Col. William Jones,
Second Cavalry California Volunteers,
Commanding Camp Babbitt, near Visalia, Cal. :
Sir: Representation has been made that the Indians in or near Owen's River Valley have again attacked the various mining and agricultural settlements. Should these statements prove true, the general commanding desires you to make such disposition of the force under your command as will secure protection to the persons and property of the settlers. You will confer with Captain McLaughlin, commanding at Fort Tejon, on this subject, and request his cooperation should you deem it necessary.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 617-618]
Camp Babbitt,
Visalia, Cal., September 13, 1863.
Col. R. C. Drum,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Dept. of the Pacific, San Francisco, Cal.:
Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 9th in reference to reported attacks of Indians upon the mining and agricultural settlements in or near Owen's River Valley. I have had no information in regard to the matter, only what was obtained through San Francisco papers. Lieutenant Barker arrived at this camp from Fort Tejon last evening. There had no information reached that post up to the time of his leaving in regard to Indian hostilities. I was of the opinion that it was injudicious in a military point of view to abandon Camp Independence before the coming spring, when it could be done with safety to the miner and settler. The presence of troops at this post would induce settlers to that valley who will not go on account of military protection being withdrawn, which in a few months I would suggest, should the rumor of hostilities prove true, as a precautionary measure, that Camp Independence should be reoccupied by Company G, Second Cavalry California Volunteers. I will give all the information possible and communicate it to you as early as possible.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
WM. JONES,
Lieutenant-Colonel Second Cavalry California Vols., Comdg. Camp.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 625]
San Francisco, September 25, 1863.
(Received 9.30 a. m. 26th.)
Col. E. D. TOWNSEND:
I have returned to my headquarters from tour of inspection in Nevada Territory.
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 629]
Salt Lake, September 27, 1863.
Col. R.C. Drum:
I leave this morning for Soda Springs to hold treaty with Bannock Indians. Will be gone about three weeks. Communications will reach me.
P. E. CONNOR,
Brigadier- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 630]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, September 28, 1863.
Col. E. D. TOWNSEND,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. of the Army, Washington, D. C. :
Colonel: I have been highly gratified with the condition of affairs in the eastern part of this State as well as in the Territory of Nevada. I was absent about three weeks, and, traveling on horseback, I had an excellent opportunity for making an examination of the country and the character of the inhabitants. On the road over the mountains I found the way thronged with wagons of the largest size transporting goods to Washoe and Reese River. The almost fabulous reports of the richness of the Reese River mines have drawn to that place a large number of people from this side, as well as arrested the tide of emigration from the East, and it is probable that the population of that district in the course of the next year will rival that of Virginia City and its surroundings. The truly loyal and intense love for the Union which pervades the great masses of the people in the Territory of Nevada has been made manifest in their late election; from the highest to the lowest every office has been filled by the election of sound Union men. I visited Carson City, the seat of government of Nevada, as well as Silver City, Gold Hill, and Virginia City, located in the rich mining districts, and everywhere I found a prosperous and happy people. From Virginia City I proceeded to Fort Churchill, situated on the Carson River. The post is commanded by Maj. Charles McDermit, of the Second Cavalry California Volunteers, an officer of great merit, irreproachable in his habits, industrious, and careful of the interests of the Government.
At Fort Churchill I found three companies of cavalry, Nevada Territory volunteers, also a detachment of a fourth company in process of organization, A finer body of men I never saw ; orderly, well-behaved, and undergoing a thorough course of instruction and discipline. Two of these companies are under orders for the District of Utah, and will march early in the next month. The post of Fort Churchill I found in admirable order. I critically inspected all the departments and found the Government property well taken care of and economically used, and the officers zealous and attentive to their duties. After my inspection at Fort Churchill I hastened back to my headquarters, finding everything quiet in this quarter. I am greatly pained at an accident which happened to Maj. R. W. Kirkham, quartermaster, who accompanied me on my tour. At Carson City he unfortunately walked out of an open doorway at the end of a hall where there was no balcony, and falling some fourteen feet bruised himself much and fractured his thigh bone. I brought him back with me, but he will probably be laid up eight or ten weeks.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 631]
Special Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Pacific,
No. 223. ) San Francisco, Cal, September 20, 1863.
* * * * * * * * * *
2. Companies A and B, Nevada Cavalry, will, as soon as their equipment is completed, take up their march for Camp Douglas, District of Utah. The quartermaster's department will furnish the necessary transportation for the movement above directed.
By order of Brigadier-General Wright:
RICHD. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
San Francisco, September 29, 1863.
Maj. Charles McDermit,
Fort Churchill, Nev. Ter. ;
The two cavalry companies will commence the march to Salt Lake as soon as they are fully equipped. Order for the movement published to-day.
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 637]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, October 2, 1863.
Col. E. D. TOWNSEND,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. of the Army, Washington, D. C. :
Colonel: For the information of the General-in-Chief and War Department, I have the honor to report that, independent of occasional Indian disturbances, quiet prevails throughout this department. The late elections indicate, unmistakably, the feeling of a vast majority of the people on this coast, assuring the Government the hearty support of a loyal people to crush a rebellion which aims at the dissolution of the Union. The people on this coast, although far removed from the scenes of war, and really experiencing none of its hardships, yet have a deep-rooted affection for the Union, and will nobly stand by the Administration in the prosecution of the war until our flag shall wave in triumph over the whole country. I have but few Indian disturbances to speak of. In the State of Oregon, as well as in the Territories of Washington, Idaho, Nevada, and Utah, we have peace and quiet between the races. In the northeastern portion of California the condition of our Indian affairs has not materially changed. Constant depredations by small bands involves the necessity of keeping our troops on the move. I cannot promise peace between the whites and Indians in the District of Humboldt without the removal of the latter to some reservation in the southern portion of the State where they cannot get back to their old haunts. This has been the difficulty experienced during the last few years. Our military forces have gathered up a large number of Indians and transferred them to the superintendent of Indian affairs, by whom they have been placed on the different reservations within the district, but it has been found impossible to keep them there. They escape, return to their old familiar grounds, and frequently engage again in depredations upon the settlements. I have just been asked by Lieutenant-Colonel Whipple as to the disposition to be made of his Indian prisoners; that is, the active young warriors, who can only be kept in that district by being held constantly under a guard, fed and clothed by the Government without rendering any service. After consideration I have determined to bring twenty of these able-bodied Indians down here and make them work on the fortifications now being erected on Angel Island and other points around the city. If the plan succeeds, and these Indians are found to be of service, I will bring more of them here, where they can at least render a return for the food and clothing necessary for them.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 638-639]
Fort Ruby, Nev. Ter., October 3, 1863.
Capt. M. G. Lewis,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Dist. of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah Ter. :
Sir : I have the honor to inform the general commanding the District of Utah that his communication of September 23 was duly received. I have ordered in some of the men now on the mail route. Those that are to remain are at stations between Deep Creek and Fish Springs. I do not think they will be long required to remain out. The Indians are quite desirous to meet and make peace; still the station keepers pretend fear, while in fact I believe they only want the soldiers with them for companions and assistants. I shall order them all in as soon as the treaty is made. The train from Salt Lake in charge of Wagon-master Riley arrived here last night. I started two teams to Reese River this morning for the Fort Churchill freight, I am informed by telegram that it started from Fort Churchill on Monday last. I expect my teams to return by the 10th instant, and I shall start Captain Smith's company the very moment my teams arrive. The general's instructions in regard to prospecting for gold and silver are so ambiguous that I am at a loss to determine what he really desired. I could not think that he intended that an exploring expedition should be sent from this post, or that large parties of soldiers should be sent out to gobble up all the mining and water privileges, thereby shutting up and preventing them being worked by others. The general is well aware that I have not the facilities for an exploring party. I have but six horses and sixteen mules here beside Captain Smith's command, and his horses should not be worn out before they commence their march for Camp Douglas, and I require all the post teams to do the work required here. I have to keep them busy all the time; therefore, to satisfy and allay the excitement that exists with the men (without in my opinion any just cause), I have decided to grant seven days' leave to two-tenths of the men, and already nearly all the number allowed have gone out prospecting. Governors Doty, of Utah Territory, and Nye, of Nevada Territory, have been here and made a treaty with the Shoshones. I do not think there will be any trouble with them hereafter. Lieut. H. E. Jocelyn, Third Infantry California Volunteers, arrived at this post with a communication from the commanding general directing me to furnish facilities for the accomplishment of the object of his mission. In the absence of any written instructions from the general, or any order from any member of his staff, I could not properly take official notice of the lieutenant other than simply recognizing him as an officer of the U. S. service, and presume him to be on duty. It is very mortifying to me, and I deeply regret that the general should have found it necessary to have dispatched a lieutenant from near his headquarters to have executed a mission at or near this post that could not have been intrusted to its commander to execute. I have endeavored faithfully to perform my duty to my Government and to those under whom I serve, and I am much annoyed at the want of confidence that the commanding general has in this case manifested toward me; therefore, I respectfully ask the general to at an early day relieve me from the command of this post.
I am, very respectfully, your humble servant,
J. B. MOORE,
Lieutenant- Colonel Third Infantry California Volunteers.
__________
Special Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Pacific,
No. 228. ) San Francisco, Cal., October 6, 1863.
A detachment to consist of one lieutenant, three non-commissioned officers, and twenty-three privates will be sent from Fort Churchill without delay to relieve the detachment of Captain Mellen's company, Second Cavalry, stationed at Smoke Creek. When relieved, the latter will proceed to Fort Crook.
By order of Brigadier-General Wright:
RICHD. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 652]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, October 19, 1863.
Col. E. D. TOWNSEND,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. of the Army, Washington, D. C. :
Colonel: By my direction two companies of cavalry, Nevada Territory volunteers, marched from Fort Churchill on the 10th instant for Salt Lake. This is the last command I propose to send on that line this fall. Everything is perfectly quiet on the route, Indians peaceable, and no indications of any disturbance on the mail route. I have two more companies of Nevada cavalry organizing at Fort Churchill (one already filled), which will constitute the garrison of that post, detaching a command of twenty-five men and one officer as an outpost at Smoke Creek, about 100 miles to the north. The troops in the department are healthy, and, independent of occasional Indian raids on the white settlements, everything is quiet.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 653]
War Department, Adjutant-General's Office,
Washington, October 22, 1863.
Brig. Gen. George Wright,
Commanding Department of the Pacific, San Francisco, Cal.:
Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your communication of the 28th ultimo, reporting your tour of inspection through the eastern part of California, the Territory of Nevada, &c. The quartermaster-general has been furnished with an extract of your letter relating to the accident which happened to Maj. R. W. Kirkham, quartermaster, U. S. Army.
I am, sir, &c.,
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 655-657]
Headquarters District of Utah,
Great Salt Lake City, Utah Ter., October 26, 1863.
Lieut. Col. R. C. Drum, U. S. Army,
Assistant Adjutant-General, San Francisco, Cal.:
Colonel : In former communications I have had the honor fully to set forth my views to the department commander relative to the condition of the Mormon people and the sentiments of their leaders, and have endeavored to present my opinions as to the settlement of the Mormon question, so far as it has necessarily thrust itself upon me in the performance of strictly military duties. I need hardly repeat that it has been my constant endeavor to maintain amicable relations with the people, and avoid conflict so far as was compatible with the strict and proper fulfillment of the obligations resting upon me, fully understanding that it was no part of my business to interfere with the religious tenets or even the illegal practices of this peculiar people except when called upon by the civil authorities. The open declarations of hostility to the Government on the part of their public men, and their bold, continued, and unceasing teachings of disloyalty have time and again tended to produce excitements leading to collision, which have only been avoided by the most temperate and moderate course of the officers and men of my command. Until such time, therefore, as the Government, in the interest of humanity and the vindication of its offended dignity and laws, shall deem it advisable to inaugurate by force an observance of its recorded laws, and come to the relief of a people oppressed and downtrodden by a most galling church tyranny, my own course has been plainly marked by the dictates of policy and the manifest necessity of the case. Entertaining the opinion that Mormonism as preached and practiced in this Territory is not only subversive of morals, in conflict with the civilization of the present age, and oppressive on the people, but also deeply and boldly in contravention of the laws and best interests of the nation, I have sought by every proper means in my power to arrest its progress and prevent its spread. As a question for the civilian, I can conceive of but two ways of striking at its root and annihilating its baneful influence: The one by an adequate military force, acting under martial law and punishing with a strong hand every infraction of law or loyalty; the other by inviting into the Territory large numbers of Gentiles to live among and dwell with the people. The former I am aware is at the present time impracticable, even though it were deemed advisable. The latter, if practicable, is perhaps in any event the wiser course. With these remarks I desire to inform the department commander that I have considered the discovery of gold, silver, and other valuable minerals in the Territory of the highest importance, and as presenting the only prospect of bringing hither such a population as is desirable or possible. The discovery of such mines would unquestionably induce an immigration to the Territory of a hardy, industrious, and enterprising population as could not but result in the happiest effects, and in my opinion presents the only sure means of settling peaceably the Mormon question. Their presence and intercourse with the people already here would greatly tend to disabuse the minds of the latter of the false, frivolous, yet dangerous and constant, teachings of the leaders, that the Government is their enemy and persecutor for opinion's sake. As I have said, these doctrines are continually being preached to them until the mass of the people believe that the Government instead of desiring their welfare seeks their destruction. To the end, then, that the inducements to come hither may be presented to the teeming populations of the East and West, seeking new fields of exploration and prosperity, I have looked upon the discovery of mines in the Territory as in the highest degree important—first to this people and secondly to the Government, for the reasons stated.
Having reason to believe that the Territory is full of mineral wealth, I have instructed commanders of posts and detachments to permit the men of their commands to prospect the country in the vicinity of their respective posts, whenever such course would not interfere with their military duties, and to furnish every proper facility for the discovery and opening of mines of gold, silver, and other minerals. The results so far have exceeded my most sanguine expectations. Already reliable reports reach me of the discovery of rich gold, silver, and copper mines in almost every direction, and that by spring one of the largest and most hopeful fields of mining operations will be opened to the hardy and adventurous of our people. Both gold quartz and silver leads have been discovered at Egan Cañon, about 200 miles west of this place; also in Ruby Valley, and at points along the mail route. The Goose Creek Mountains, 150 miles northwest of this city, are believed to contain rich mines of precious metals. The mountains in the immediate vicinity of this place are being explored and prospected, and I have reason to believe with successful results. Already, within a distance of from twenty-five to fifty miles of this city, in the East and West mountains, mines have been discovered yielding, with imperfect tests, rich indications of silver, and largely charged with lead and copper ores. The work is still going on, and I have little doubt that rich veins of silver, and probably gold, will be discovered in almost every direction, and still nearer to Great Salt Lake City. I may also mention that near Camp Connor, 150 miles north of this place, large deposits of salt, sulphur, and extensive beds of coal have been found, while the springs adjoining the camp yield immense deposits of the carbonate of soda, which will one day, I have no doubt, be of very considerable commercial value. If I be not mistaken in these anticipations, I have no reason to doubt that the Mormon question will at an early day be finally settled by peaceable means, without the increased expenditure of a dollar by Government, or, still more important, without the loss of a single soldier in conflict. I have every confidence, therefore, in being able to accomplish this desirable result without the aid of another soldier in addition to those already under my command, notwithstanding the obstacles sought to be thrown in my way by the Mormon leaders, who see in the present policy the sure downfall of their most odious church system of tyranny. I have no fear for the future and believe the dawn is breaking upon this deluded people, even though their elders, and bishops, and chief priests may escape the personal punishment their sins against law and crimes against humanity and the Government so richly merit.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
P. EDW. CONNOR,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Volunteers, Commanding District.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 658-659]
Fort Tejon, Cal., October 27, 1863.
Maj. E. Sparrow Purdy, U. S. Army,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. Dept. of the Pacific, San Francisco, Cal.:
Major: I have the honor to transmit herewith, for the information of the general commanding, copy of Superintendent Wentworth's letter addressed to me, and in reply to your letter of instructions of October 18, 1863, I beg leave to state that the Indians have been encamped near this post since about the 3d of the present month. The Indians do not interfere with the command, and are sufficiently near for the proper supervision.
I have the honor to be, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. A. McLaughlin,
Captain, Second Cavalry California Volunteers, Commanding.
[Inclosure.]
El Tejon, September 30, 1863.
Capt. M. A. McLAUGHLIN,
Commanding Fort Tejon:
Captain: I accept your offer of to day to receive the Owen's River Indians at Fort Tejon, as I deem their longer stay at this place hazardous in the extreme to both life and property, and will make arrangements to have them rationed at that place through my supervisor with such provisions as the limited means placed at my disposal by Government will admit of.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
JNO. P. H. WENTWORTH,
Superintendent Indian Affairs, Southern District of California.
__________
Headquarters District of Utah,
Great Salt Lake City, October 27, 1863.
Lieut. Col. R. C. Drum,
Assistant Adjutant-General, U. S. Army, San Francisco, Cal.:
Colonel: I have the honor to inform the department commander that I have just returned from Camp Connor, Idaho, where, in connection with Governor Doty, acting superintendent of Indian affairs, a final treaty of peace was concluded with the last remaining band of Shoshone Indians, and that on the 12th instant another treaty was made in Tooele Valley by the deputy superintendent and an officer of my staff, acting for Governor Doty and myself, with some 250 of the Goshute tribe, lately hostile. With the satisfactory conclusion of these treaties I have the honor to report the settlement of terms of peace with all the Indians within this military district from the Snake River on the north to the lower settlements of Utah, and from the Rocky Mountains on the east to Reese River on the west, a region heretofore constantly infested by roving bands of savages, and desolated by their horrid barbarities on passing emigrants for a long series of years. For the first time in the history of the country it may now be truly announced that the great emigrant roads through the Territory may be safely traversed by single persons without danger to life or property or fear of molestation by Indians.
In my recent trip to the north, I met single persons traveling to and from the Bannock and Boise mines through a region of country never before traversed except in strong parties of from fifteen to twenty-five well armed, and in constant danger of massacre. I have the pleasure, therefore, to report that through the indomitable bravery, activity, and willingly endured hardships of the California column under my command, the Indian country within this district is freed from hostile savages, and travel through it by unarmed persons, emigrants, miners, or others is perfectly safe and exempt from the dangers heretofore besetting them on every hand. That this happy state of affairs will continue I have every reason to believe, as the Indians, one and all, with whom I have come in contact, are evidently seriously inclined to peace in the future, and, after the severe experiences of last winter, spring, and summer, will hesitate long ere they again provoke hostilities.
I have the honor to remain, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
P. EDWARD CONNOR,
Brigadier-General, Commanding District.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 660]
Executive Department,
Carson, Nev. Ter., October 28, 1863. (Received 1.45 a. m. 30th.)
Secretary of War:
Will the Government accept a full company of volunteers from this Territory, they bearing their own expenses to the city of New York ?
JAMES W. NYE,
Governor.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 662]
War Department,
Washington City, October 30, 1863—1.55 p. m.
Governor Nye,
Carson City, Nev. Ter. :
The Government will accept volunteers to go to Salt Lake, but there does not seem to be any propriety in raising them in Nevada to send them to New York.
EDWIN M. STANTON,
Secretary of War.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 662-663]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., November 5, 1863.
G. W. Bailey,
Sheriff of Mono County, and others:
Gentlemen : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of a petition signed by citizens of Mono County, the northern portion of Tulare County, Cal., and of Esmeralda County, Nev. Ter., requesting me to establish a military post at some point on Owen's River, near the crossing, and, if practicable, in the neighborhood of the Bishop's Creek Valley. It is my desire to afford every protection within my power to the loyal citizens of your district, and as soon as the organization of the companies of Nevada cavalry is completed and they are prepared for service, I will post one of them in the Owen's River Valley. You must bear in mind, gentlemen, that I have a great many urgent calls for troops to protect our hardy pioneers against Indians, and a very small number of soldiers to meet all these pressing calls, and besides looking after Indians I have a still more important business on hand to look after traitors within our borders, and to be prepared to meet foes from without. Notwithstanding my embarrassments I will do all I can for you. Permit me to suggest to the loyal citizens of your district the propriety of organizing volunteer companies either in California or Nevada. Such companies, when composed of loyal and true men, and accepted by their Governor, can obtain arms from the Government. Such organizations are indispensable for the protection of the people, more especially in these times, when the Government of the United States is straining every nerve and using all its means to crush an unholy rebellion.
With great respect, I am, gentlemen, your most obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
P. S.—In my suggestions relative to forming volunteer companies, I refer to State militia organizations, not for muster into the service of the United States, but always ready to defend their own firesides and uphold the Constitution, the laws, and the Union.
G. W.
__________
Executive Department,
Carson City, Nev. Ter., November 5, 1863.
Brig. Gen. G. Wright,
Commanding Department of the Pacific:
Sir: The loyal citizens of Storey County, of this Territory, have formed a military company under the militia laws of this Territory, and have in all respects complied with the law to entitle them to arms and accouterments. The name of the company is the Washoe Guards, Capt. Thomas G. Murphy, who resides at Virginia City, Nev. Ter. I desire that they should have sixty stand of arms issued to them, together with all the accouterments pertaining to a perfect equipment.
Yours, with great respect,
JAMES W. NYE,
Governor and Commander-in-Chief of the Militia of the Territory of Nevada.
__________
Special Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Pacific,
No. 251 . ) San Francisco, Cal., November 6, 1863.
Lieut. Col. William Jones, Second Cavalry California Volunteers, will on receipt of this order turn over the command of the troops at Camp Babbitt, Visalia, to the officer next in rank, and proceed to Camp Douglas, near Salt Lake City, Utah Ter., and report to Brig. Gen. P. Edward Connor for duty. He will report first at San Francisco, to be mustered in as colonel. The quartermaster's department will furnish the necessary transportation.
By order of Brigadier-General Wright:
E. SPARROW PURDY,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 668]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, November 9, 1863.
Col. E. D. TOWNSEND,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. of the Army, Washington, D. C. :
Colonel : I have the honor to inclose herewith a copy of a communication addressed to my headquarters by Brig. Gen. P. E. Connor, commanding the District of Utah, dated October 27, 1863, conveying the pleasant intelligence that treaties of peace have finally been concluded with all the different bands of Indians within that district.[3] Hoping that this happy state of affairs in the District of Utah, brought about by the distinguished bravery and good conduct of the California column, may continue without interruption, I have the honor to be, your most obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 669]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, November 10, 1863.
Col. E. D. TOWNSEND,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. of the Army, Washington, D. C.:
Colonel : For the information of the General-in-Chief and honorable Secretary of War, I have the honor to submit the inclosed communication, addressed to my headquarters by Brig. Gen. P. E. Connor, commanding the District of Utah.[4] When I sent General Connor to establish posts in Utah and take command of that district I impressed upon him the necessity of pursuing a conservative policy with those people, and on several occasions subsequently it has only been with forbearance and sound judgment that a collision has been avoided. The late discovery of valuable mines in the Territory will, it is believed, draw thither a large population in the course of a year or two, and if so, it will exercise a powerful influence to wipe out that damning stain upon the Christian morality of the American people.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 670]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, November 10, 1863.
His Excellency James W. Nye,
Governor of Nevada Territory, Carson City, Nev. Ter.:
Sir : I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Your Excellency's communication of the 5th instant, and to assure Your Excellency that it will afford me great pleasure to comply with your request. I will give the necessary instructions to the officer in command of Fort Churchill to issue the arms and equipments to the officer commanding the Washoe Guards on his requisition, approved by you. I shall require not only receipts, but bonds and security for the safe-keeping of the arms and equipments, and, besides, a special agreement under bonds to deliver the arms and equipments on the orders of the commanding officer of this department whenever they may be called for.
With great respect, Your Excellency's obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 671]
Carson, November 12, 1863—1.49 p. m.
Brigadier-General Wright,
Commanding Pacific Department:
How many more volunteer companies will you accept? Secretary of War telegraphs he will accept troops for this coast.
JAMES W. NYE.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 673-674]
General Orders, ) Hdqrs. Department of the Pacific,
No. 40. ) San Francisco, Cal., November 14, 1863.
In order that the instructions of the War Department respecting new organizations and their muster into service may be complied with, the control exercised over the same by the commissary of musters and superintendent of recruiting service is hereby transferred to the Governors of States and Territories, respectively, that the recruiting may be conducted as directed in General Orders, No. 75, July 8, 1862, from the War Department.
All officers recruiting for new organizations will report for instructions to the Governors of their respective States and Territories.
II. In paragraph I, General Orders, No. 75, of 1862, from War Department, the term "muster in" is used by mistake for "enlist."
III. In accordance with revised regulations for the Army, leaves of absence can only be granted by the Secretary of War, except in cases where "a change of location is immediately demanded to save life or prevent permanent disability," when the commander of the department or district can grant not exceeding twenty days.
IV. The telegraph will only be resorted to by officers in case of urgent and imperative necessity; and in all cases the charges will be prepaid by the officers sending the message, which amount will be refunded to the officer on his certificate to the account and the necessity of the communication approved by the department commander.
By order of Brigadier-General Wright:
E. SPARROW PURDY,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 675]
Special Orders, ) War Dept., Adjt. General's Office,
No. 510. ) Washington, November 17, 1863.
* * * * * * * * * *
19. Brig. Gen. John S. Mason, U. S. Volunteers, is hereby relieved from command of the depot for drafted men at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, and on the expiration of his leave of absence will proceed without delay to San Francisco, Cal., and relieve Capt. and Bvt. Mai. George P. Andrews Third U. S. Artillery, in the duties of assistant to the provost-marshal-general of the United States for the State of California and Territory of Nevada. He will also assume the duties of superintendent of volunteer recruiting service for the above State and Territory.
* * * * * * * * * *
By order of the Secretary of War:
E. D. TOWNSEND,
Assistant Adjutant-General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 676-677]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, November 20, 1863.
Col. E. D. Townsend,
Asst. Adjt. Gen., Hdqrs. of the Army, Washington, D. C.:
Colonel : I have the honor to inclose herewith a copy of my General Orders, No. 40, current series.[5] I have heretofore frequently reported to the Department the difficulties and embarrassments we labored under in this department in raising and organizing volunteers. In consequence of the sparse population over a vast extent of country, it was found impracticable for the Governors of States and Territories to conduct the recruiting service without the aid of the military authorities. Anxious as I have been for some lime past to make the experiment of relying solely upon the Governor, I have prepared and issued the order above referred to. In recruiting for the new organizations, under the superintendency of the commissary of musters, the greatest economy has been enjoined and enforced, and I feel sure that the best interests of the Government have been subserved. My letter addressed to Adjutant-General Thomas on the 8th of June last I beg leave to call your attention to, as well as your answer to that communication, dated on the 7th of July, in which you say that the General-in-Chief approves the course pursued by me.
To you, who served so long in this department, I need not recapitulate the delays and difficulties I have encountered in my efforts to comply with the orders and regulations from the War Department. One thing is certain, the peace and quiet of a country extending from the British possessions on the north to the Republic of Mexico on the south, and from the Pacific Ocean on the west to the farthest limits of the Territory of Utah in the east, have been preserved ; and besides that, the troops which I organized and sent forth from California reconquered the Territories of Arizona and New Mexico, at one time overrun by the rebel forces, and have held undisturbed possession of that country since the summer of 1862. I can also speak with pride of the gallant conduct of the troops I organized and sent forth from this State for the protection of the Overland Mail Route and occupation of the Territory of Utah.
In the execution of all the varied duties and responsibilities in this remote department it has frequently been necessary for me to act promptly and assume responsibilities which, in time of peace, I should have deferred for the decision of the General-in-Chief and War Department. I am not aware that during my command of this department a single charge has ever been made against me of malfeasance in office, or of a disregard of the best interests of the Government, and I have no apprehension that any charges of that kind will be made. I have done, and shall do, what seems to be my duty, acknowledging my responsibility to the General-in-Chief, the Secretary of War, and to the President of the United States, under the concluding paragraph of his letter to the Missouri delegation of 5th of October. I beg leave most respectfully to ask of the Secretary of War an approval of all I have done in the matter of raising, organizing, and appointing officers for volunteer organizations in this department. I ask for this because we may experience some objections by the accounting officers, in cases where the regulations of the Department have not been strictly followed.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 690]
Executive. Department,
Carson City, Nev. Ter., November 30, 1863.
Brigadier-General Wright,
Commanding Department of the Pacific:
Sir: a company of organized militia under our Territorial laws has been organized in Virginia City by the name of The National Guards, commanded by Capt. W. E. Melville. The company are legally organized and have complied with all the requisitions of our law and are all loyal men. The company numbers eighty men. Will you issue an order to Major McDermit to deliver to Captain Melville arms for that number, subject to such rules as you may prescribe?
I am, dear sir, your humble and obedient servant,
JAMES W. NYE,
Governor and Commander-in-Chief of Nevada Militia.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 691-692]
Headquarters,
Fort Churchill, Nev. Ter., December 7, 1863.
Capt. E. S. Purdy,
Assistant Adjutant- General, San Francisco, Cal.:
Sir: I have the honor to report that on the 5th instant His Excellency Governor J. W. Nye issued his proclamation to the people of this Territory calling for two additional companies of cavalry and one regiment of infantry to be mustered into the U. S. service for the period of three years or during the war. Will the general commanding the department inform me if these troops will rendezvous at this post? Should they do so it will be necessary for Capt. C. A. Sumner, assistant quartermaster and acting commissary of subsistence, to make a requisition for the necessary supplies and prepare additional quarters for their accommodation.
I am, very respectfully, your obedient servant,
CHAS. McDERMIT,
Major, /Second Cavalry California Volunteers, Commanding Post.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 693]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, December 9, 1863.
His Excellency J. W. Nye,
Governor of Nevada Territory, Carson City, Nev. Ter. :
Governor: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of Your Excellency's communication of the 30th ultimo. The arms and accouterments invoiced to the commanding officer of Fort Churchill will be forwarded from Benicia Arsenal as soon as possible. I will accept and muster into the service of the United States for the Territory of Nevada one complete regiment of infantry. The plan of organization, as well as all the instructions and orders from the War Department touching the subject, will be furnished to Your Excellency by Col. W. Seawell, U. S. Army, commissary of musters and mustering officer for this department, stationed at my headquarters.
With great respect. Your Excellency's obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 694]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, Cal., December 10, 1863.
His Excellency J. W. Nye,
Governor of Nevada Territory, Carson City:
Sir : After the four companies of cavalry already called for from Nevada Territory shall have been filled and mustered into service, I will accept two more companies of cavalry, to be organized in the same way.
Very respectfully, Your Excellency's obedient servant,
G. WRIGHT,
Brigadier- General, U. S. Army, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 698]
Headquarters Department of the Pacific,
San Francisco, December 15, 1863.
Maj. Charles McDermit,
Second Cav. California Vols., Comdg. Fort Churchill, Nev. Ter.:
Sir: I am instructed to inform you, in reply to your letter of the 7th instant, that the troops called for (one regiment of infantry) for Nevada Territory will be raised and organized by the Governor of that Territory, the officers of the Federal Government having nothing to do in the matter until the Governor reports the companies ready for muster. The staff departments at these headquarters will be instructed to see that the necessary supplies are thrown forward to Fort Churchill. As the companies are mustered in they will be cheaply hutted at that post. In addition to this the quartermaster's department will send you a supply of tents for a regiment of infantry and two squadrons of cavalry. Lumber will also be supplied for flooring the tents and making the men as comfortable as possible.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
R. C. DRUM,
Assistant Adjutant- General.
__________
[OR I-50-2, p. 699]
Fort Tejon, Cal., December 16, 1863.
Col. R. C. Drum, U. S. Army,
Assistant Adjutant- General, San Francisco, Cal.:
Colonel: I beg leave to state that according to your instructions I left this post about the 23d day of November, 1863, and proceeded as far as Bishop Creek, Owen's River Valley, about fifty miles above Camp Independence. The valley is fast filling up with settlers and miners, and no fear is entertained of Indians as far up as Bishop Creek, which is the highest settlement in the valley. There the people are very uneasy, and fear to travel to and from Aurora, from whence their supplies are obtained. I would therefore respectfully recommend that so soon as the grass is sufficiently good that a force be sent into the valley to be stationed between Bishop Creek and Aurora, where the greater portion of the Indians supposed to be now in the valley are congregated. The weather in the valley is very cold, and the trip was very severe, being obliged to sleep in the open air. The troops stationed on Kern River I ordered to Fort Tejon, where they arrived to-day, via Walker's Basin. Forage necessary for the horses belonging to both companies I do not believe can be obtained at this post.
All of which is respectfully submitted.
Very respectfully, your obedient servant,
M. A. McLaughlin,
Captain, Second Cavalry California Volunteers, Commanding.
__________
[OR I-50-2, pp. 712-713]
Organization of troops in the Department of the Pacific, Brig. Gen. George Wright, U. S. Army, commanding, December 31, 1863.
DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA.
* * * * * * * * * *
CAMP BABBITT, CAI..
Capt. Heman Noble.
2d California Cavalry, Companies E and I.
2d California, Company G.
FORT CHURCHILL, NEV. TER.
Maj. Charles McDermit.
1st Nevada Cavalry, Companies C and D.
* * * * * * * * * *
DISTRICT OF UTAH.
Brig. Gen. P. Edward Connor.
CAMP DOUGLAS, UTAH TEK.
Col. Robert Pollock.
3d California (six companies).
2d California Cavalry (four companies).
1st Nevada Cavalry, Companies A and B.
FORT BRIDGER, UTAH TER.
Maj. Patrick A. Gallagher.
2d California Cavalry, Company M.
3d California, Company I.
FORT RUBY, NEV. TER.
Lieut. Col. Jeremiah B. Moore.
3d California, Companies B and E.
CAMP CONNOR, IDAHO TER.
Capt. David Black.
3d California, Company H.
* * * * * * * * * *
FORT TEJON, CAL.
Capt. James M. Ropes.
2d California Cavalry, Companies D and G.
[1] See p. 492.
[2] See p. 527.
[3] See p. 658.
[4] See October 26, p. 655.
[5] See p. 673.
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